Standard

AMF 108 Applied Hydraulics, Pneumatics, and Mechanisms

Course Description

Emphasizes mechanical techniques for maintaining, troubleshooting, installing, and repairing drives, conveyor systems, and valves. Topics include: gas laws; pressure and force calculations; hydraulic systems vs pneumatic systems; cylinders, pressure controls, and system controls; hydraulic and pneumatic symbology; hydraulic and pneumatic system layout; interfacing hydraulic or pneumatic systems with other systems; applied mechanisms; belt, chain, and gear drives; drive train components; valves; and conveyor systems.

Competency Areas		Hours
Gas Laws		Class	2
Pressure and Force Calculations		D. Lab	0
Hydraulic Systems vs Pneumatic Systems		P. Lab/O.B.I.	3
Cylinders, Pressure Controls, and System Controls		Credit	3
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Symbology
Hydraulic and Pneumatic System Layout
Interfacing Hydraulic or Pneumatic Systems with other Systems
Applied Mechanisms
Belt, Chain, and Gear Drives
Drive Train Components
Valves
Conveyor Systems
Prerequisite:	PSC 150 (diploma), or PHY 191 (degree)
Corequisite:

Course Guide

Competency	After completing this section, the student will:	Hours
		Class	D.Lab	P.Lab/ O.B.I.
GAS LAWS		1	0	0
Laws	State Pascal’s Boyles’, and Charles’ laws.
PRESSURE AND FORCE CALCULATIONS		2	0	0
Definitions	Define and discuss hydraulics, pneumatics, absolute pressure, atmospheric pressure, work power, head, electrical horsepower, mechanical horsepower, fluid horsepower, torque, laminar flow, and turbulent flow.
Related agencies and standards	Qualitatively and quantitatively discuss standards and units developed by the following agencies or groups: United States Customary System, International System, National Fluid Power Association, Joint Industrial Conference, American National Standards Institute, and Society of Automotive Engineers.
Calculations	Calculate PAV (pressure, area, volume), work power, horsepower, RPM, hydraulic work, and transmission of forces.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS VS PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS		2	0	0
Comparison	Discuss, compare, and contrast pumps, control devices, actuating units, hydraulic fluids, piping, tubing, and reservoirs.
Criteria for selection of fluids	Discuss performance, maintenance, and service life.
Types of fluid	Describe the characteristics of petroleum oils, synthetic fluids, and water.
	List applications of each.
Functions	Discuss the transmission of power.
	Discuss lubrication properties.
	Discuss ability of selected fluids to act as sealants.
	Discuss the following service properties: viscosity, viscosity index, demulsibility, oxidation stability, lubricity, rust and corrosion, and preventive.
	List advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic systems.
Air	List advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic systems.
	Discuss air cleaning
	Discuss air drying.
	Discuss air regulation.
	Discuss the cost of compressed air.
CYLINDERS, PRESSURE CONTROLS, AND SYSTEM CONTROLS		3	0	10
Rotating cylinders	Describe the theory and operation of rotating cylinders. List the basic elements of rotating cylinders.
Nonrotating cylinders	Discuss cylinder tube, piston, piston rod, cover, and packing.
	Discuss single-acting, double-acting, and cushioned/noncushioned classifications.
	List advantages and disadvantages of ring type pistons
Cylinder applications	Discuss 1st class lever, 2nd class lever, 3rd class lever, toggle, straight line thrust increase, straight line motion multiplied, straight line motion in two directions, straight push, horizontal parallel motion, practically continuous rotary motion engine bearing, fast rotary motion using steep screw nut, four positive positions with two cylinders, trammel plate, and motion transferred to a distant point.
Relief valves	Discuss direct acting, direct operated pilot type, and remote actuated pilot type relief valves.
Pressure reducing valve	Explain pressure reducing valve operation.
Sequence valve	Explain sequence valve operation.
Unloading valve	Explain unloading valve operation.
Air control	Explain poppet valves, spool valves, electro-mechanical valves, flow control, and miscellaneous air control devices operation.
Hydraulic control	Explain open center valves, closed center valves, EH valves, proportional valves, hydraulic fuses, and miscellaneous hydraulic control devices operation.
HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYMBOLOGY		1	0	2
Schematic diagrams	Read hydraulic and pneumatic schematic diagrams.
	Recognize pumps, motors (air and hydraulic), directional control valves, control valve actuators, cylinders, and miscellaneous symbols.
HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEM LAYOUT		1	0	0
Layout rules	Explain Torricellis= flow equation.
	Minimize length Secure fastening of hydraulic lines.of hydraulic lines/bends.
	Decontaminate fluids.
	Develop a plan of leak prevention.
Pipe/tubing selection	List criteria for selection of pipe/tubing in the following applications: low pressure, medium pressure, high pressure, and extra high pressure.
Stationary installation	Construct a stationary installation.
Relative motion installation	Construct a relative motion installation.
INTERFACING HYDRAULIC OR PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS WITHOTHER SYSTEMS		1	0	3
Interfacing	Construct a hydraulic or pneumatic system and interface with an electrical control system.
APPLIED MECHANISMS		1	0	0
Overview of mechanical devices and systems	List types of mechanical systems.
Types of components and systems	Discuss the role of the technician in troubleshooting, repairing, and installing mechanical systems.
BELT, CHAIN, AND GEAR DRIVES		3	0	7
Mechanical drives	State the purpose of mechanical drives.
Flat belt drives	Measure and calculate length of flat belt drives.
	Discuss the positive drive belt.
	Calculate belt speed.
Maintenance of flat belt drives	Splice flat belts. Troubleshoot flat belts.
V-belt drives	Discuss design variations of V-belt drives.
	Determine V-belt sizes and matching numbers.
	Calculate pulley size.
	Discuss V-belt drive selection.
Maintenance of V-belt drives	Discuss sheave alignment in V-belt drives.
	Install V-belt.
	Adjust belt tension.
	Troubleshoot V-belt drives.
Assembly and disassembly of belt drives	Install belts and pulleys.
	Align and adjust tension of belt drives.
	Maintain belt drives.
	Construct belt drive joints.
	Inspect belt drive systems.
	Troubleshoot belt drive systems.
	Repair belt drive systems.
Characteristics	List chain drive characteristics.
Types of chains	List types of chains.
Chain length	Discuss factors which optimize chain length.
Sprockets	List types of sprockets.
	Determine sprocket speed and position.
	Discuss idler sprockets.
	Discuss selection of chain drives.
Maintenance	Align chain and sprocket drive.
	Install chain and sprocket drive.
	Adjust chain tension and sag
	Lubricate Inspect sprocket.chain drive.
	Clean sprocket.
	Troubleshoot chain and sprocket drive.
	Discuss chain storage.
Gear basics and mechanical basics	Discuss gear terminology.
Types of gears	Explain parallel-axis gears, intersecting-axis gears, non-intersecting, non-intersecting, non-parallel-axis gears, and moving-axis gears operation.
Gear trains and maintenance	Inspect variable speed drives.
	Troubleshoot variable speed drives.
	Repair variable speed drives.
	Inspect rack and pinion drives.
	Troubleshoot rack and pinion drives
	Repair rack and pinion drives.
	Inspect ring and pinion drives.
	Troubleshoot ring and pinion drives.
	Repair ring and pinion drives.
	Inspect gear box drives.
	Troubleshoot gear box drives.
	Repair gear box drives.
	Discuss selection of gear drives.
DRIVE TRAIN COMPONENTS		3	0	4
Shaft and keyways	Explain shaft spacing.
	Discuss turned-down shafting.
	Discuss flexible shafts.
	Discuss shaft expansion.
	Discuss shaft alignment.
	Discuss metalizing of shafts.
	Discuss bent shafts.
	Discuss shaft selection.
	Discuss shaft key and keyseats.
	Replace a shaft.
	Install a shaft assembly.
	Align a shaft.
Bearings	Discuss mounted plain bearings.
	Explain plain bearing lubrication.
	Discuss radial bearings.
	Discuss thrust bearings.
	Discuss combination bearings.
	Discuss mounted bearings.
	Discuss shaft alignment, belt tension, and installation of antifriction bearings.
	Discuss shock load.
	Discuss effects of vibration on bearings.
	Discuss current through bearings.
	Discuss bearing lubricants.
	Discuss selection of anitifriction bearings.
	Align pillow blocks and bearings.
	Install pillow blocks and bearings.
	Remove and install bearings in bores.
	Remove and install sleeve bearings in bores.
	Remove.and install bearings on shafts.
	Lubricate equipment.
	Inspect bearings and mechanisms.
	Troubleshoot bearings
Seals	Discuss static seals, gaskets, and O-rings.
	Discuss dynamic seals.
	Discuss mechanical seals.
	Replace packing and seals.
	Remove and install mechanical seals.
Couplings	Define terms related to couplings.
	Discuss rigid couplings.
	Discuss flexible couplings.
	Discuss universal joints.
	Discuss selection of couplings.
	Install couplings.
	Align couplings.
	Troubleshoot couplings.
	Disassemble and reassemble couplings.
	Replace universal joints.
	Install universal joints.
	Repair universal joints.
Clutches	Define terms related to clutches.
	Discuss friction clutches.
	Discuss magnetic clutches.
	Discuss jaw clutches.
	Discuss dry fluid clutches.
	Discuss hydraulic clutches.
	Install centrifugal clutches.
	Inspect centrifugal clutches.
Linkages	Define terms related to linkages.
	Discuss links/cranks, four bar, and Geneva mechanism.
	Adjust gibs for free operation.
	Inspect linkages and lever mechanisms.
	Troubleshoot linkages and lever mechanisms.
	Repair linkages and lever mechanisms.
Cams	Define terms related to cams.
	List types of cams.
	List types of followers.
	Explain the operation of cams and followers.
Fans and blowers	Explain the operation of axial-flow fans and blowers.
	Explain the operation of centrifugal fans and blowers.
	List the impact of materials of fan construction on efficiency.
	Discuss fan accessories.
Fans and blower testing and flow measurement	Describe fan and blower testing procedures.
	Explain anemometer operation.
	List routine fan and blower maintenance procedures.
	Discuss fan selection criteria.
	Explain fan laws.
	Discuss effects of fan wheel diameter.
	Define and calculate pressure and pressure difference.
	Calculate air horsepower.
	Calculate air density.
	Calculate fan and blower efficiency.
VALVES		1	0	2
Valve operating principles, uses, and maintenance procedures	Identify valve components.
	Explain valve operating principles.
	List uses of valves.
	List types of valves.
	List materials for valves.
	Interpret valve codes and markings.
	Discuss valve actuators.
	Explain effects when automatic controllers are used.
CONVEYOR SYSTEMS		1	0	2
Safety and alignment	Fabricate safety guards for conveyor system.
	Install safety guard for conveyor system.
	Align drive mechanism for conveyor system.
Installation and maintenance	Assemble conveyor system from component parts.
	Install conveyor into material handling system.
	Troubleshoot conveyor system.
	Repair conveyor system.

Suggested Resources

Books

Center for Occupational Research and Development Staff. (1983). Drives. Waco, TX: Author.

Center for Occupational Research and Development Staff. (1985). Electromechanical devices. Waco, TX: Author.

Center for Occupational Research and Development Staff. (1985). Fluid power systems. Waco, TX: Author.

Center for Occupational Research and Development Staff. (1987). Mechanical devices and systems. Waco, TX: Author.

Henke, R. W. (1966). Introduction to fluid mechanics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Nelson, C. A. (1989). Millwrights and mechanics guide (4th ed). New York: Macmillan.

Oberg, E., et al. (1988). Machinery=s handbook (23rd ed). New York: Industrial Press.

Sullivan, J. A. (1989). Fluid power: Theory and applications (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Vickers. (Year). Mobil hydraulic manual.