Standard

R State Standard £Institutionally Developed College: N/A

BIO 2114 – Anatomy and Physiology II
Continues the study of the anatomy and physiology of the human body. Topics include: the endocrine system; cardiovascular system; the blood and lymphatic system; immune system; respiratory system; digestive system; urinary system; and reproductive system. Laboratory experience supports classroom learning.
Competency Areas	Hours
The Endocrine System	Class	4
The Cardiovascular System	D. Lab	0
The Blood and Lymphatic System	P. Lab	3
The Immune System	Credit	5
The Respiratory System
The Digestive System
The Urinary System
The Reproductive System

Prerequisite:	BIO 2113
Corequisite:

Course Guide

Competency	After completing this section, the student will be able to:	Hours
		Class	D.Lab	P.Lab/ O.B.I.
The ENDOCRINE System		4	0	3
Functions	Discuss the functions of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis.
	Contrast the endocrine and nervous systems.
	Explain the general mechanisms by which hormones work.
	Discuss the control of endocrine organs.
	Describe the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine control.
Endocrine hormones	Describe the location, hormones, and functions of the following endocrine glands: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal, and thymus.
Endocrine disorders	Describe endocrine disorders of hypo- and hypersecretion.
the cardiovascular system		7	0	6
The heart	Describe the anatomy of the heart and heart wall.
	Describe the flow of blood through the heart including the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
	Explain the structural and functional features of the conduction system of the heart and EKG tracings.
	Describe the principal events of the cardiac cycle.
	Contrast the sounds of the heart and their clinical significance.
	Calculate cardiac output and discuss factors that affect it.
	List the risk factors involved in heart disease.
Vessels and their routes	Contrast the structure and function of the various types of blood vessels.
	Explain how the venous blood is returned to the heart.
	Explain blood pressure and pulse.
	Discuss the factors that affect blood pressure.
	Contrast the clinical significance of systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure.
	Discuss the mechanism of capillary exchange.
	Describe blood flow through systemic and pulmonary circuits. Identify the principal arteries and veins of the systemic, pulmonary, and hepatic portal circulations.
	Describe unique aspects of fetal circulation.
	Explain the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system.
Cardiovascular disease	Describe significant cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure.
The Blood and Lymphatic System		4	0	2
Components and functions	Discuss the function and physical characteristics of blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid, and the lymphatic system.
	List the components of plasma and their functions.
	List the characteristics and functions of formed elements.
	List the lymphoid cells including lymphocytes (T and B cells), plasma cells, macrophages and reticular cells.
	Discuss lymphoid organs including lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, thymus, tonsils and nodule aggregates.
Clotting	Identify the stages involved in hemostasis.
Blood types	Explain the ABO and Rh blood grouping systems.
Blood diseases and disorders	Discuss causes of anemia.
	Describe selected blood disorders and tests.
The Immune System		3	0	2
Resistance	Discuss the basic properties of immunity.
	Discuss innate and adaptive immunity.
	Explain the process of cellular immunity and the role of T-cells.
	Explain the process of humoral immunity and the role of B-cells and antibodies.
	Discuss the difference between primary and secondary responses.
	Describe types of active and passive immunity.
Immune system diseases and disorders	Describe selected immune disorders.
The Respiratory System		5	0	3
Respiratory system characteristics and functions	Identify the organs of the respiratory system and describe their functions.
	Contrast internal and external respiration and explain the role of the alveolar-capillary membrane.
	Describe the events involved in pulmonary ventilation and discuss the significance of pleura.
	Explain the mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood.
	Describe the various factors that control the rate of respiration.
Respiratory disorders	Define selected disorders of the respiratory system.
The Digestive System		5	0	6
Digestive system functions and processes	Identify the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory organs of digestion and their functions in digestion.
	Identify the general histological layers of the digestive organs and explain how the layers are modified to accommodate the function of each organ.
	Describe the mechanical movements of the GI tract.
	Identify the major digestive secretions and their functions.
	List the enzymes involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
	Describe the process of absorption of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
	Define the processes involved in the formation of feces and defecation.
Digestive disorders	Describe common disorders of the digestive system.
General metabolism	Discuss carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
	Discuss metabolic rate and the role of the liver in metabolism.
	Describe the absorptive and post-absorptive states.
The Urinary System		5	0	4
Urinary system functions and processes	Identify the external and internal gross anatomical features of the kidneys.
	Discuss the formation of urine explaining the microscopic anatomy of the nephron and its basic functions of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
	Discuss the role of the kidney in maintaining blood pressure and the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
	Explain the role of key hormones on the kidney and their role in water and electrolyte balance.
	Discuss the role of the kidney in homeostasis of pH.
	Discuss the components of urine.
	Discuss the structure and physiology of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Urinary system disorders	Describe disorders of the urinary system.
The Reproductive System		7	0	4
Male reproductive system	Explain the structure and functions of the male reproductive organs and the pathway of sperm.
	Discuss the processes of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in the male.
	Describe the normal composition of semen and the role of the accessory sex glands in production of semen.
	Discuss the role of hormones in the male reproductive system.
Female reproductive system	Explain the structure and functions of the female reproductive organs and the pathway of the egg /zygote.
	Discuss the process of oogenesis.
	Discuss the principal events of the menstrual and ovarian cycles and explain all hormones involved.
	Discuss the physiology of sexual intercourse.
Reproductive system disorders and disease	Discuss examples of male and female reproductive diseases.

Suggested Resources

Media (print/audio/ visual/www/ other)	Author	Year	Title: Subtitle	Edition	Location	Publisher/ Publication	pp.
Print	Marieb, Elaine	2006	Human anatomy and physiology.	7^th ed.	San Francisco	Benjamin Cummings
	Marieb, Elaine	2007	Laboratory manual for anatomy and physiology.	9^th ed.	San Francisco	Benjamin Cummings
	Martin, Terry	2003	Human anatomy and physiology, laboratory manual.	10^th ed.	New York	McGraw-Hill
	Martini, Frederic H	2005	Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology.	7^th ed.	San Francisco	Benjamin Cummings
	Saladin, Ken	2007	Anatomy and physiology: The unity of form and function.	4^th ed.	New York	McGraw-Hill
	Seeley, Stephens, & Tate	2007	Anatomy and physiology.	8^th ed.	New York	McGraw-Hill
	Shier, David, et al.	2007	Hole’s human anatomy and physiology.	11^th ed.	New York	McGraw-Hill
	Thibodeau, Gary A. & Patton, Kevin T	2006	Anatomy and physiology.	6^th ed.	Philadelphia	Elsevier: Mosby
	Tortora, G.J. & Dickerson, Bryan	2005	Principles of anatomy and physiology.	11^th ed.	New Jersey	Wiley and Sons

Posted: 10/01/08