EMS 1201 – Pharmacology and Shock/Trauma Management for the EMT-Intermediate

Standard

R State Standard £ Institutionally Developed College: n/a

EMS 1201 – Pharmacology and Shock/Trauma Management for the EMT-Intermediate
Course Description The course covers Section 8 of the National Highway Safety Transportation Administration, National Standard Curriculum, Emergency Medical Technician-Intermediate, 1985 standard. Topics Include: general pharmacology review, IV and IO therapy and shock/trauma assessment and management.

Competency Areas	Hours
Shock and Acid-Base - Objectives	Class	2
Pharmacology and IV/IO/D50/D25/D10	D. Lab	2
	P. Lab/O.B.I.	0
	Credit	3

Prerequisite:	Program admission
Corequisite:	n/a

Course Guide

Competency	After completing this section, the student will be able to:	Hours
Competency		Class	D.Lab	P.Lab/ O.B.I.
Shock and Acid-Base – Objectives I8-A		10	10	0
Intermediate:8.1	Define shock based on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. [1.8.1]
Intermediate:8.1.5 I-8-TCSG-1	Define the following terms that refer to cardiac physiology: Stroke volume, Starling’s Law, Preload, Afterload, Cardiac output, Blood pressure (TCSG specific)
Intermediate:8.2	Discuss the prevention of anaerobic metabolism. [1.8.2]
Intermediate:8.3	Discuss red blood cell oxygenation in the lungs based on alveolar oxygen levels and transportation across the alveolar capillary wall. [1.8.3]
Intermediate:8.4	Discuss tissue oxygenation based on tissue perfusion and release of oxygen. [1.8.4]
Intermediate:8.5	Discuss the role played by respiration, inadequate ventilation in the management of shock. [1.8.5]
Intermediate:8.6	Describe perfusion and the mechanisms of improvement of cardiac output based on the strength and rate of contractions. [1.8.6]
Intermediate:8.7	Discuss the fluid component of the cardiovascular system and the relationship between the volume of the fluid and the size of the container. [1.8.7]
Intermediate:8.8	Discuss systemic vascular resistance, the relationship of diastolic pressure to the SVR and the effect of diastolic pressure on coronary circulation. [1.8.8]
Intermediate:8.9	Discuss the container size in its relationship to the fluid volume and the effect on blood returning to the heart. [1.8.9]
Intermediate:8.10	Discuss body fluids based on total body water, intracellular fluid, and extracellular fluid. [1.8.10]
Intermediate:8.11	Identify the significant anions and cations in the body. [1.8.11]
Intermediate:8.12	Describe the role of protein. [1.8.12]
Intermediate:8.13	Discuss osmosis, define semi-permeable membranes, and discuss their function. [1.8.13]
Intermediate:8.14	Define isotonic fluids, hypotonic fluids, and hypertonic fluids. [1.8.14]
Intermediate:8.15	Define and discuss diffusion. [1.8.15]
Intermediate:8.16	Define active transport. [1.8.16]
Intermediate:8.17	Describe the mechanisms of concentration of electrolytes. [1.8.17]
Intermediate:8.18	Define acid-base balance. [1.8.18]
Intermediate:8.19	Discuss acid-base balance based on hydrogen ion concentration, pH, and buffer systems. [1.8.19]
Intermediate:8.20	Define and discuss the following: [1.8.20], Respiratory acidosis, Respiratory alkalosis, Metabolic acidosis, Metabolic alkalosis
Intermediate:8.21	Describe the mechanism of the body response to perfusion change. [1.8.21]
Intermediate:8.22	Identify the role of the baroreceptor. [1.8.22]
Intermediate:8.23	Describe how the actions of the baroreceptor affect blood pressure and perfusion. [1.8.23]
Intermediate:8.24	Describe compensated shock. [1.8.24]
Intermediate:8.25	Describe uncompensated shock, both cardiac and peripheral effects. [1.8.25]
Intermediate:8.26	Discuss the assessment of the patient’s perfusion status, based on physical observations within the initial assessment, including pulse, skin, temperature, and capillary refill time. [1.8.26]
Intermediate:8.27	Discuss the relationship of the neurological exam to assessment of hypoperfusion and oxygenation. 1.8.27]
Intermediate:8.28	Describe the information provided by the following in physical examination: pulse, blood pressure, diastolic pressure, systolic pressure, skin color, appearance, temperature, and respiration. [1.8.28]
Intermediate:8.29	Discuss the pathophysiological changes associated with compensated shock. [1.8.29]
Intermediate:8.30	Identify the need for intervention and transport of the patient with compensated shock. [1.8.29]
Intermediate:8.31	Discuss the treatment plan and management of compensated shock. [1.8.29]
Intermediate:8.32	Describe the beneficial and detrimental effects of the pneumatic antishock garment. [1.8.30]
Intermediate:8.33	Describe the indications and contraindications for the pneumatic antishock garment. [1.8.31]
Intermediate:8.77	Demonstrate in order of priority the steps of shock resuscitation. [S1.8.35]
Intermediate:8.78	Demonstrate the use of the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG). [S1.8.36]
Pharmacology and IV/IO/D50/D25/D10 I-8-B		10	10	0
Intermediate:8.34	Discuss fluid replacement, the types of fluid that are available, the benefits and detrimental effects of each. [1.8.32]
Intermediate:8.35	Discuss how fluid replacement is monitored and controlled, to include intravenous therapy delivery pumps. [1.8.33 and GA specific]
Intermediate:8.36	Discuss the routes of fluid replacement and the advantages and disadvantages of each. [1.8.34]
Intermediate:8.37	Review the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to the pharmacology and medication administration of the EMT-Intermediate. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.38	Discuss the standardization of drugs. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.39	Differentiate among the chemical, generic (non-proprietary), and trade (proprietary) names of a drug. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.40	Describe how drugs are classified. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.41	List the authoritative sources for drug information. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.42	Discuss special consideration in drug treatment with regard to pregnant, pediatric, and geriatric patients. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.43	Discuss the EMT-Intermediate’s responsibilities and scope of management pertinent to the administration of medications and maintenance of medications. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.44	List and describe general properties of drugs. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.45	List and differentiate routes of drug administration. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.46	Describe mechanisms of drug action. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.47	Describe pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, theories of drug action, drug-response relationship, factors altering drug responses, predictable drug responses, iatrogenic drug responses, and unpredictable adverse drug responses. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.48	Discuss considerations for storing drugs. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.49	List the components of a drug profile. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.50	List and describe drugs which the EMT-Intermediate may administer or maintain in a pharmacological management plan according to local protocol. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.51	Review the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to medication administration. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.52	Review mathematical principles and equivalents. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.53	Calculate Dextrose 10% and 25% in Water dilutions from Dextrose 50% in Water for use in pediatric and infant patients with hypoglycemia. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.54	Differentiate temperature readings between the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.55	Calculate Intravenous infusion rates for intravenous infusion sets and intravenous therapy delivery pumps for adults, infants, and children.
Intermediate:8.56	Discuss legal aspects affecting medication administration. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.57	Discuss the “six rights” of drug administration and correlate these with the principles of medication administration. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.58	Discuss medical asepsis and the differences between clean and sterile techniques. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.59	Describe the use of antiseptics and disinfectants. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.60	Describe the use of universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI) procedures when administering a medication. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.61	Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques utilized, precautions, and general principles of peripheral venous cannulation. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.62	Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques utilized, precautions, and general principles of intraosseous needle placement and infusion in pediatric and adult patients. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.63	Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques utilized, precautions, and general principles of administering medications by the inhalation route. [GA specific]
Intermediate:6.33	Describe the purpose, equipment needed, techniques utilized, complications, and general principles for obtaining a blood sample. [1.6.46]
Intermediate:8.64	Differentiate among the different dosage forms of oral medications. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.65	Describe the equipment needed and general principles of administering oral medications. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.66	Differentiate among the different parenteral routes of medication administration. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.67	Describe the equipment needed, techniques utilized, complications, and general principles for the preparation and administration of parenteral medications. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.68	Differentiate among the different percutaneous routes of medication administration. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.69	Describe the purpose, equipment needed, techniques utilized, complications, and general principles for obtaining a blood sample. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.70	Describe disposal of contaminated items and sharps. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.71	Describe the necessary elements for documenting fluid replacement therapy. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.72	Describe the necessary elements for documenting the placement of an intravenous access device. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.73	Describe the necessary elements for documenting the placement of an intraosseous access device. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.74	Describe the necessary elements for documenting the patient assessment and delivery and/or maintenance of medications during transport. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.75	Recognize and respond to the feelings patients requiring intravenous fluid therapy and/or medication delivery may experience. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.76	Explain the rationale for intraosseous access in a critical pediatric or adult patient. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.79	Demonstrate cannulation of peripheral veins. [S1.8.37]
Intermediate:8.80	Demonstrate intraosseous needle placement and infusion. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.81	Demonstrate preparation, dilution, and administration of parenteral medications. [GA specific]
Intermediate:8.82	Perfect disposal of contaminated items and sharps. [GA specific]

Suggested Resources

Media Print Audio/Visual (AV) Web Other	Note: Please adhere to the APA Formatting and Style Guidelines. Examples: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher. Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Date Posted/Updated: 11/18/08

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