Course Description

TERMINOLOGY

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Define gag reflex.

Define gastric distention.

Define atelectasis.

Define FiO₂.

Define complete airway obstruction.

Describe peak expiratory flow.

Define pulsus paradoxes.

Define and differentiate between hypoxia and hypoxemia.

Describe the modified forms of respiration.

Define, identify and describe a tracheostomy, stoma, and tracheostomy tube.

Define, identify, and describe a laryngectomy.

Define how to ventilate with a patient with a stoma,

including mouth-to-stoma and bag-valve-mask-to-stoma ventilation.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE AIRWAY

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Identify the anatomy of the upper and lower airway.

Describe the functions of the upper and lower airway.

Explain the differences between adult and pediatric airway anatomy.

List factors that cause decreased oxygen concentrations

in the blood.

List the concentration of gases that comprise atmospheric air.

Describe the measurement of oxygen in the blood.

Describe the measurement of carbon dioxide in the blood.

List the factors that increase and decrease carbon dioxide production in the body.

Explain the relationship between pulmonary circulation and respiration.

Describe the voluntary and involuntary regulation of respiration.

Describe visual landmarks for direct laryngoscopy.

CONTROL AND VENTILATION OF THE AIRWAY

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Explain the primary objective of airway maintenance.

Identify commonly neglected prehospital skills related to airway.

Define and explain the implications of partial airway obstruction with good and poor air exchange.

Describe causes of upper airway obstruction.

Describe manual airway maneuvers.

Describe the Sellick (cricoid pressure) maneuver.

Describe complete airway obstruction maneuvers.

Explain the purpose for suctioning the upper airway.

Describe the indications for suctioning the upper airway.

Identify techniques of suctioning the upper airway.

Identify special considerations of suctioning the upper airway.

Identify special considerations of gastric decompression.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages, complications, and technique for inserting an oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airway.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages, complications, and technique for ventilating a patient by:

Mouth-to-mouth,

Mouth-to-nose,

Mouth-to-mask,

One person bag-valve-mask,

Two person bag-valve-mask,

Three person bag-valve-mask,

Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation

Explain the advantage of the two person method when ventilating with the bag-valve-mask.

Compare the ventilation techniques used for an adult patient to those used for pediatric patients.

Describe indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, complications, and technique for ventilating a patient with an automatic transport ventilator (ATV).

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages, complications, and technique of 

tracheobronchial suctioning in the intubated patient.

Describe the use of an oral and nasal airway

Identify special considerations of tracheobronchial suctioning in the intubated patient.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages, complications and technique

for inserting a nasogastric tube and orogastric tube.

Describe the special considerations in airway management and ventilation for patients with facial injuries.

Describe the special considerations in airway management and ventilation for the pediatric patient.

Differentiate endotracheal intubation from other methods of advanced airway management.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages and complications of endotracheal intubation.

Describe laryngoscopy for the removal of a foreign body airway obstruction.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages, complications,  and technique for

direct laryngoscopy.

Describe use of cricoid pressure during intubation.

Describe indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, complications, and technique for digital endotracheal intubation.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages, complications,  and technique

for using a dual lumen airway.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages, and complications for rapid sequence

intubation with neuromuscular blockade.

Identify neuromuscular blocking drugs and other agents used in rapid sequence intubation.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages, and  complications for sedation

during intubation.

Identify sedative agents used in airway management.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages and complications and technique

for translaryngeal catheter ventilation (needle cricothyrotomy for performing an open cricothyrotomy.

Describe the equipment and technique for performing an open cricothyrotomy.

Describe methods of assessment for confirming correct placement of an endotracheal tube.

Describe methods for securing an endotracheal tube.

Describe methods of assessment for confirming correct placement of an endotracheal tube.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, complications, and technique for nasotracheal intubation.

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and complications, technique for extubation.

Describe methods of endotracheal intubation in the pediatric patient.

Defend the need to oxygenate and ventilate a patient.

Defend the necessity of establishing and/or maintaining patency of a patient’s airway.

Comply with standard precautions to defend against

infectious and communicable diseases.

 ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Describe the indications, contraindications, advantages,

disadvantages, complications, liter flow range, and

concentration of delivered oxygen for supplemental oxygen delivery devices.

Describe the use, advantages and disadvantages of an oxygen humidifier.

List the factors that affect respiratory rate and depth.

Define normal respiratory rates and tidal volumes for the adult, child, and infant.

Describe causes of respiratory distress.

EQUIPMENT

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Identify types of oxygen cylinders and pressure regulators (including a high-pressure regulator and a therapy regulator.

List the steps for delivering oxygen from a cylinder and regulator.

Explain safety considerations of oxygen storage and delivery.

List the equipment needed for placement of dual lumen airway.

List the equipment needed for direct laryngoscopy.

List equipment needed for rapid sequence intubation

with a neuromuscular blocking agent.

List equipment needed for intubating the sedated patient.

List the equipment needed for digital endotracheal intubation.

List equipment needed for nasotracheal intubation.

List the equipment needed for needle cricothyrotomy.

Identify types of suction equipment.

Identify types of suction catheters, including hard or rigid catheters and soft catheters.

Describe the equipment  needed for tracheobronchial

suctioning of the intubated patient.

List the equipment needed for nasogastric and orogastric tube insertion.

Explain the risk of infection to EMS providers associated with ventilation.