Standard
|
Rev.03/29/03
(To Review
Previous Version of this Standard and Guide, Click Here)
This Unit is designed to introduce the student to assessment
and management of the trauma patient, to include: systematic approach to the
assessment and management of trauma, demonstration of the assessment and
management of certain types of trauma patients and bodily injuries. Student
should complete the requirements for the Basic Trauma Life Support Course or
the Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support Course.
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Competency Areas |
Hours
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Systemic Approach To The Assessment And Management Of
Trauma |
Class |
4 |
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Demonstrate Assessment And Management For:
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D. Lab |
2 |
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Successfully Complete BTLS/PHTLS Certification |
P. Lab/O.B.I. |
0 |
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Credit |
5 |
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Prerequisite: |
ENG 101, SCT 100,
EMS126, |
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Corequisite: |
Course Guide
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Competency |
After
completing this section, the student will: |
Hours |
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Class |
D.Lab
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P.Lab/ O.B.I. |
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SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF
TRAUMA |
3 |
0
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0 |
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List and describe the components of a comprehensive
trauma system. |
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Describe
the role of and differences between levels of trauma centers. |
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Describe the criteria for transport to a trauma center. |
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Describe the criteria and procedure for air medical
transport. |
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Define
energy and force as they relate to trauma. |
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Define laws of motion and energy and understand the role
that increased speed has on injuries. |
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Describe each type of impact and
its effect on unrestrained victims (e.g., “down and under,” “up and over,”
compression, deceleration). |
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Describe
the pathophysiology of the head, spine, thorax, and abdomen that results from
the above forces. |
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List
specific injuries and their causes as related to interior and exterior
vehicle damage. |
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List the motion and energy considerations of mechanisms
other than motor vehicle crashes. |
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Define the role of kinematics as an additional tool for
patient assessment. |
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DEMONSTRATE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT FOR
HEMORRHAGE/SHOCK, BURNS, AND THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF TRAUMA: SOFT TISSUE, HEAD/FACIAL, SPINAL, THORACIC,
ABDOMINAL, AND MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES |
6 |
12
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0 |
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Describe the epidemiology, including the morbidity/
mortality and prevention strategies, for shock and hemorrhage. |
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Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular
system. |
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Predict
shock and hemorrhage based on mechanism of injury. |
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Discuss the various types and degrees of shock and
hemorrhage. |
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Discuss the pathophysiology of hemorrhage and shock. |
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Discuss the assessment findings associated with
hemorrhage and shock. |
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Identify the need for intervention and transport of the
patient with hemorrhage or shock. |
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Discuss the treatment plan and management of hemorrhage
and shock. |
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Discuss the management of external hemorrhage. |
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Differentiate between controlled and uncontrolled
hemorrhage. |
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Differentiate between the administration rate and amount
of IV fluid in a patient with controlled versus uncontrolled hemorrhage. |
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Relate internal hemorrhage to the pathophysiology of
compensated and decompensated hemorrhagic shock. |
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Relate internal hemorrhage to the assessment findings of
compensated and decompensated hemorrhagic shock. |
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Discuss the management of internal hemorrhage. |
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Define shock based on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. |
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Describe the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of
shock. |
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Describe the body's physiologic response to changes in
perfusion. |
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Describe the effects of decreased perfusion at the capillary
level. |
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Discuss the cellular ischemic phase related to
hemorrhagic shock. |
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Discuss the capillary stagnation phase related to
hemorrhagic shock. |
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Discuss the capillary washout phase related to
hemorrhagic shock. |
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Discuss the assessment findings of hemorrhagic shock. |
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Relate pulse pressure changes to perfusion status. |
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Relate orthostatic vital sign changes to perfusion
status. |
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Define compensated and decompensated hemorrhagic shock. |
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Discuss the pathophysiological changes associated with
compensated shock. |
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Discuss the assessment findings associated with
compensated shock. |
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Identify the need for intervention and transport of the
patient with compensated shock. |
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Discuss the treatment plan and management of compensated
shock. |
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Discuss the pathophysiological changes associated with
decompensated shock. |
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Discuss
the assessment findings associated with decompensated shock. |
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Identify
the need for intervention and transport of the patient with decompensated
shock. |
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Discuss the treatment plan and management
of the patient with decompensated shock. |
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Differentiate
between compensated and decompensated shock. |
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Relate
external hemorrhage to the pathophysiology of compensated and decompensated
hemorrhagic shock. |
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Relate
external hemorrhage to the assessment findings of compensated and
decompensated hemorrhagic shock. |
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Differentiate
between the normotensive, hypotensive, or profoundly hypotensive patient. |
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Differentiate between the administration of fluid in the
normotensive, hypotensive, or profoundly hypotensive patient. |
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Discuss the physiologic changes associated with the
pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG). |
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Discuss the indications and contraindications for the
application and inflation of the PASG. |
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Apply
epidemiology to develop prevention strategies for hemorrhage and shock. |
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Integrate the pathophysiological principles to the
assessment of a patient with hemorrhage or shock. |
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Synthesize assessment findings and patient history
information to form a field impression for the patient with hemorrhage or
shock. |
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Develop, execute and evaluate a treatment plan based on
the field impression for the hemorrhage or shock patient. |
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Demonstrate the assessment of a patient with signs and
symptoms of hemorrhagic shock. |
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Demonstrate
the management of a patient with signs and symptoms of hemorrhagic shock. |
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Demonstrate the assessment of a patient with signs and
symptoms of compensated hemorrhagic shock. |
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Demonstrate the management of a patient with signs and
symptoms of compensated hemorrhagic shock. |
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Demonstrate the assessment of a patient with signs and
symptoms of decompensated hemorrhagic shock. |
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Demonstrate the management of a patient with signs and symptoms of decompensated hemorrhagic shock. |
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Demonstrate the assessment of a patient with signs and
symptoms of external hemorrhage. |
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Demonstrate the management of a patient with signs and
symptoms of external hemorrhage. |
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Demonstrate the assessment of a patient with signs and
symptoms of internal hemorrhage. |
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Demonstrate the management of a patient with signs and
symptoms of internal hemorrhage. |
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SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
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2 |
0
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0 |
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Discuss
the assessment of hemorrhage associated with open soft tissue injuries. |
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Differentiate
between the various management techniques
for hemorrhage control of open soft tissue injuries,
including: 1.
Direct pressure 2.
Elevation 3.
Pressure dressing 4.
Pressure point 5.
Tourniquet application |
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Differentiate
between the types of injuries requiring the use of an occlusive versus
non-occlusive dressing. |
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Identify
the need for rapid assessment, intervention and appropriate transport for the
patient with a soft tissue injury. |
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Discuss
the management of the soft tissue injury patient. |
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Define
and discuss the following: 1.
Dressings 1.
Sterile 2.
Non-sterile 3.
Occlusive 4.
Non-occlusive 5.
Adherent 6.
Non-adherent 7.
Absorbent 8.
Non-absorbent 9.
Wet 10. Dry 2. Bandages 11.
Absorbent 12.
Non-absorbent 13.
Adherent 14.
Non-adherent |
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Discuss
the assessment of wound healing. |
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Discuss
the management of wound healing. |
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Discuss
the pathophysiology of wound infection. |
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Discuss
the assessment of wound infection. |
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Discuss
the management of wound infection. |
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Integrate
pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with a soft
tissue injury. |
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Formulate
treatment priorities for patients with soft tissue
injuries in conjunction with: 1.
Airway/face/neck trauma 2.
Thoracic trauma (open/closed) 3.
Abdominal trauma |
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Develop,
execute, and evaluate a treatment plan based on the field impression for the
patient with soft tissue trauma. |
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Defend
the rationale explaining why immediate life-threats must take priority over
wound closure. |
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Defend
the management regimens for various soft tissue injuries. |
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Defend
why immediate life-threatening conditions take priority over soft tissue
management. |
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Value
the importance of a thorough assessment for patients with soft tissue
injuries. |
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Appreciate
the importance of good follow-up care for patients receiving sutures. |
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Understand
the value of the written report for soft tissue injuries in the continuum of
patient care. |
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Demonstrate
the assessment and management of a patient
with signs and symptoms of soft tissue injury, including:
1.
Contusion 2.
Hematoma 3.
Crushing 4.
Abrasion 5.
Laceration 6.
Avulsion 7.
Amputation 8.
Impaled object 9.
Penetration/puncture |
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BURN INJURIES |
3 |
0
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0 |
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At
the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will
be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and
the assessment findings to formulate a field impression
and implement the management plan for the patient with a burn injury. |
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Describe
the anatomy and physiology pertinent to burn injuries. |
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Describe
the epidemiology, including incidence, mortality/morbidity,
risk factors, and prevention strategies for the patient with a burn injury. |
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Describe
the pathophysiologic complications and systemic complications of a burn
injury. |
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Identify
and describe types of burn injuries, including a thermal
burn, an inhalation burn, a chemical burn, an electrical burn, and a radiation exposure. |
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Identify
and describe the depth classifications of burn injuries,
including a superficial burn, a partial-thickness burn,
a full-thickness burn, and other depth classifications described by local protocol. |
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Identify
and describe methods for determining body surface
area percentage of a burn injury including the "rules
of nines," the "rules of palms," and other methods described by local
protocol. |
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Identify
and describe the severity of a burn including a minor
burn, a moderate burn, a severe burn,
and other severity classifications described by local protocol. |
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Differentiate
criteria for determining the severity of a burn
injury between a pediatric patient and an adult patient. |
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Describe
special considerations for a pediatric patient with a burn injury. |
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Discuss
considerations which impact management and prognosis of the burn injured
patient. |
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Discuss
mechanisms of burn injuries. |
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Discuss
conditions associated with burn injuries, including
trauma, blast injuries, airway compromise, respiratory compromise, and child abuse. |
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Describe
the management of a burn injury, including airway
and ventilation, circulation,
pharmacological, non-pharmacological, transport
considerations, psychological support/ communication
strategies, and other management described by local protocol. |
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Describe
the epidemiology of a thermal burn injury. |
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Describe
the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to a thermal burn injury. |
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Describe
the pathophysiology of a thermal burn injury. |
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Identify
and describe the depth classifications of a thermal burn injury. |
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Describe
considerations which impact management and prognosis of the patient with a thermal burn injury. |
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Discuss
mechanisms of burn injury and conditions associated with a thermal burn
injury. |
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Describe
the management of a thermal burn injury, including
airway and ventilation,
circulation, pharmacological, non-pharmacological,
transport considerations,
and psychological support/ communication strategies. |
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Describe
the epidemiology of an inhalation burn injury. |
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Describe
the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to an inhalation burn injury. |
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Describe
the pathophysiology of an inhalation burn injury. |
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Identify
and describe the depth classifications of an inhalation burn injury. |
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Identify
and describe the severity of an inhalation burn injury. |
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Describe
considerations which impact management and prognosis of the patient with an inhalation burn injury. |
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Discuss
mechanisms of burn injury and conditions associated with an inhalation burn
injury. |
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Describe
the management of an inhalation burn injury, including airway and
ventilation, circulation, pharmacological, non-pharmacological, transport
considerations, and psychological support/ communication strategies. |
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Describe
the epidemiology of a chemical burn injury and a chemical burn injury to the
eye. |
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Describe
the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to
a chemical burn injury and a chemical burn injury to the eye. |
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Describe
the pathophysiology of a chemical burn injury, including
types of chemicals and their burning processes and a chemical burn injury to the eye. |
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Identify
and describe the depth classifications of a chemical burn injury. |
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Identify
and describe the severity of a chemical burn injury. |
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Describe
considerations which impact management and prognosis
of the patient with a chemical burn injury and a chemical burn injury to the eye. |
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Discuss
mechanisms of burn injury and conditions associated with a chemical burn
injury. |
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Describe
the management of a chemical burn injury and a
chemical burn injury to the eye, including airway and ventilation, circulation,
pharmacological, non- pharmacological,
transport considerations, and psychological support/ communication strategies. |
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Describe
the epidemiology of an electrical burn injury. |
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Describe
the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to an electrical burn injury. |
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Describe
the pathophysiology of an electrical burn injury. |
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Identify
and describe the depth classifications of an electrical burn injury. |
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Identify
and describe the severity of an electrical burn injury. |
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Describe
considerations which impact management and prognosis of the patient with an electrical burn injury. |
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Discuss
mechanisms of burn injury and conditions associated with an electrical burn
injury. |
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Describe
the management of an electrical
burn injury, including airway and ventilation, circulation, pharmacological, non-pharmacological, transport
considerations, and psychological support/communication strategies. |
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Describe
the epidemiology of a radiation exposure. |
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Describe
the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to a radiation exposure. |
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Identify
and describe the depth classifications of a radiation exposure. |
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Identify
and describe the severity of a radiation exposure. |
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Describe
considerations which impact management and prognosis of the patient with a radiation exposure. |
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Discuss
mechanisms of burn injury associated with a radiation exposure. |
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Discuss
conditions associated with a radiation exposure. |
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Describe
the management of a radiation exposure, including
airway and ventilation,
circulation, pharmacological, non-pharmacological, transport
considerations,
and psychological support/ communication strategies. |
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Integrate
pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with a thermal
burn injury. |
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|
Integrate
pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with a chemical
burn injury. |
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Integrate
pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with an
electrical burn injury. |
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Integrate
pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with a radiation
exposure. |
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Synthesize
patient history information and assessment findings
to form a field impression for the patient with an inhalation burn injury. |
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Synthesize
patient history information and assessment findings
to form a field impression for the patient with a chemical burn injury. |
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Synthesize
patient history information and assessment findings to form a field
impression for the patient with an electrical burn injury. |
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Synthesize
patient history information and assessment findings to form a field
impression for the patient with a radiation exposure. |
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|
Develop,
execute and evaluate a management plan based on the field impression for the
patient with a thermal burn injury. |
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||
|
Develop,
execute and evaluate a management plan based on the field impression for the
patient with a chemical burn injury. |
|
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|
Develop,
execute and evaluate a management plan based on the field impression for the
patient with an electrical burn injury. |
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|
Develop,
execute and evaluate a management plan based on the field impression for the
patient with a radiation exposure. |
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Value
the changes of a patient's self-image associated with a burn injury. |
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Value
the impact of managing a burn injured patient. |
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Advocate
empathy for a burn injured patient. |
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Characterize
mortality and morbidity based on the pathophysiology and assessment findings
of a patient with a burn injury. |
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Value
and defend the sense of urgency in burn injuries. |
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Serve
as a model for universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI). |
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Take
body substance isolation procedures during assessment and management of
patients with a burn injury. |
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Perform
assessment of a patient with a burn injury. |
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|
Perform
management of a thermal burn injury, including airway and ventilation,
circulation, pharmacological, non-pharmacological, transport considerations,
psychological support/ communication strategies, and other management
described by local protocol. |
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||
|
Perform
management of a chemical burn injury, including airway and ventilation,
circulation, pharmacological, non-pharmacological, transport considerations,
psychological support/ communication strategies, and other management
described by local protocol. |
|
|
|
|
|
Perform
management of an electrical burn injury, including airway and ventilation,
circulation, pharmacological, non-pharmacological, transport considerations,
psychological support/ communication strategies, and other management
described by local protocol. |
|
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|
4 |
0
|
0 |
||
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Explain
facial anatomy and relate physiology to facial injuries. |
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Predict
facial injuries based on mechanism of injury.
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Predict
other injuries commonly associated with facial injuries based on mechanism of
injury. |
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Differentiate
between the following types of facial injuries,
highlighting the defining characteristics of each:
2.
Ear 3.
Nose 4.
Throat 5.
Mouth |
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|
Differentiate
between facial injuries based on the assessment and history. |
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Formulate
a field impression for a patient with a facial injury based on the assessment
findings. |
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Develop
a patient management plan for a patient with a facial injury based on the
field impression. |
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Explain
the pathophysiology of eye injuries. |
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Relate
assessment findings associated with eye injuries to pathophysiology. |
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|
Integrate
pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with an eye
injury. |
|
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||
|
Develop
a patient management plan for a patient with an eye injury based on the field
impression. |
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Explain
the pathophysiology of ear injuries. |
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Relate
assessment findings associated with ear injuries to pathophysiology. |
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Integrate
pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with an ear
injury. |
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Formulate
a field impression for a patient with an ear injury based on the assessment
findings. |
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|
Develop
a patient management plan for a patient with an ear injury based on the field
impression. |
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Explain
the pathophysiology of nose injuries. |
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Relate
assessment findings associated with nose injuries to pathophysiology. |
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Integrate
pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with a nose
injury. |
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|
Develop
a patient management plan for a patient with a nose injury based on the field
impression. |
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Explain
the pathophysiology of throat injuries.
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Relate
assessment findings associated with throat injuries to pathophysiology. |
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Integrate
pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with a throat
injury. |
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