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Standard |
Posted: 03/17/08
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R State Standard £ Institutionally
Developed College: N/A |
OPD
109 – Frame Selection and Dispensing
Course
Description
Introduces
students to frame selection and dispensing techniques. Emphasis is placed on
gaining clinical experience in providing service to the eyewear consumer.
Topics include: ocular measurements; frame selection; frame materials; eyewear
fitting techniques; frame adjustment; lensmeter operation; administrative
procedures; lens finishing; and matching frames to consumer needs.
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Competency Areas |
Hours |
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Ocular
Measurements |
Class |
2 |
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Frame
Selection |
D.
Lab |
4 |
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Frame
Materials |
P.
Lab/O.B.I. |
6 |
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Eyewear
Fitting Techniques |
Credit |
6 |
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Frame
Adjustment |
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Lensmeter
Operation |
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Administrative
Procedures |
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Lens
Finishing |
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Matching
Frames to Consumer Needs |
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Prerequisite: |
OPD
107, Program admission |
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Corequisite: |
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Course
Guide |
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Competency |
After completing
this section, the student will be able to: |
Hours |
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Class |
D.Lab
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P.Lab/ O.B.I. |
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OCULAR MEASUREMENTS |
2 |
4 |
10 |
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Interpupillary
distance |
Define
interpupillary distance and identify the need for accurate measurements. |
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Contrast
binocular and monocular PD's and identify the need for each. |
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Describe
the common difficulties and solutions involved in measuring interpupillary
distance. |
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Measuring
instruments |
Describe
the instruments designed to measure interpupillary distance. |
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Demonstrate
the technique used to measure PD distance using a PD ruler. |
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Describe
the instruments designed to measure corneal reflexes. |
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Demonstrate
the techniques used to measure monocular and binocular PD's using a corneal
reflection pupillometer. |
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Describe
the various devices used to measure segment height. |
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Contrast
binocular and monocular segment height and select the appropriate measurement
for various types of multifocal lenses. |
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Describe
the common difficulties and solutions involved in measuring segment heights. |
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Demonstrate
the techniques used to measure segment height using various measuring
devices. |
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Near
PD |
Contrast
distance PD and near PD measurements and identify the need for each. |
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Demonstrate
the technique used to measure near PD using the PD rule. |
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Demonstrate
the techniques used to measure monocular and binocular near PD's using a
corneal reflection pupillometer. |
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Describe
the use of near PD measurements in positioning bifocal inset. |
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Calculate
near PD using the similar triangles method. |
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Use
an inset table to determine segment inset distance. |
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Use
the segment inset formula to determine inset distance. |
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FRAME
SELECTION |
2 |
4 |
0 |
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Cosmetic
considerations |
Describe
the three characteristics of frame fit. |
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Name
the facial types which describe the frontal view of the head. |
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Discuss
the effect various bridge designs have on facial appearance. |
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Discuss
the effect various types of temples have on facial appearance. |
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Frame
characteristics |
Discuss
how frame shape compliments or conflicts with specific facial types. |
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Describe
the portions of a frame which determine the lines of a frame. |
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Discuss
how frame color, weight, and lens accessories are used in selection. |
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Optical
considerations |
Describe
the ideal frame characteristics for high-minus lenses. |
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Describe
the ideal frame characteristics for high-plus lenses. |
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Pantoscopic
tilt |
State
the rule governing pantoscopic tilt and explain when it is used in frame
selection. |
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FRAME
MATERIALS |
2 |
4 |
0 |
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Plastic |
Discuss
the advantages/disadvantages of different types of materials used in
constructing plastic frames. |
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Metal |
Discuss
the advantages/disadvantages of different types of materials used in
constructing metal frames. |
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Combination |
Discuss
the advantages/disadvantages of different types of materials used in
constructing combination frames. |
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EYEWEAR
FITTING |
2 |
4 |
10 |
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Standard
alignment |
Discuss
the alignment checks used to true frames. |
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Demonstrate
the checks and adjustments used to standardize frames. |
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Nosepad
alignment |
Discuss
pad position, frontal angle, splay angle, and vertical angle alignment
techniques. |
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Fitting
frames and temples |
Demonstrate
proper frame fitting to establish temple angle. |
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Demonstrate
proper frame fitting to establish equal side pressure and temple spread. |
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Demonstrate
proper frame fitting to establish pantoscopic angle. |
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Demonstrate
proper frame fitting to establish equal vertex distance. |
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Demonstrate
proper frame fitting to establish correct bridge placement. |
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Demonstrate
proper fitting of temples for various types of frames. |
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Demonstrate
proper contouring of temples to the shape of the head. |
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FRAME ADJUSTMENT |
4 |
8 |
10 |
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Adjusting the front |
Adjust
the frame to sit straight on the face of the wearer |
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Adjust
the frame to the proper pantoscopic angle for the wearer |
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Adjust
the frame to provide equal vertex distance from the wearer’s eyes |
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Adjusting the
temples |
Adjust
the correct placement of temple pressure against the sides of the head |
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Adjust
the correct placement of the temple bend to the top of the ear |
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Adjust
the proper angle of the bent-down portion of the temple |
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Adjust
the temples to follow the mastoid contour of the head |
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Adjusting the
nosepads |
Adjust
the correct distance between the pads for the wearer |
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Adjust
the pads to the correct frame height for the wearer |
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Adjust
the pads to the correct vertex distance for the wearer |
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Adjust
the pads to rest on the correct part of the nose |
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Adjust
the frontal angle of the pads to correspond to the frontal angle of the
wearer’s nose |
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Adjust
the splay angle of the pads to correspond to the splay angle of the wearer’s
nose |
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Adjust
the frontal angle of the pads to correspond to the pantoscopic angle of the
frame |
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Adjust
the pads to sit flat against the surface of the nose |
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LENSMETER OPERATION |
2 |
4 |
10 |
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Internal optics |
Inspect
a lensmeter to determine condition of internal optics, target, and light
source. |
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Discuss
the use of the prism compensating device of a lensmeter. |
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Discuss
the use of auxiliary lenses to extend the range of the lensmeter. |
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Control wheels |
Discuss
the use of the power wheel of a lensmeter. |
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Discuss
the use of the axis wheel of a lensmeter. |
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Neutralizing lens |
Use
a lensmeter to neutralize plus and minus single-vision lenses. |
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Use
a lensmeter to neutralize the near addition of multifocal lenses. |
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Use
a lensmeter to neutralize high- plus and high-minus multifocal prescriptions. |
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Spotting lens |
Use
a lensmeter to spot spheres. |
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Use
a lensmeter to spot sphero-cylinders. |
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Use
a lensmeter to spot multifocals. |
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Autolensmeter |
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Contrast
the operation of an autolensmeter with a manual lensmeter. |
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Use
an autolensmeter to spot lenses. |
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ADMINISTRATIVE
PROCEDURES |
2 |
4 |
5 |
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Prescription |
Interpret
eyewear prescription specifications. |
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Place
an order using patient/customer prescription. |
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Detect
inconsistencies/errors in prescription specifications. |
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Record
order and follow-up action to maintain appropriate documentation. |
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Eyewear charges |
Prepare
a bill to reflect fees for services and/or cost of eyewear. |
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Collect
payment in a courteous and efficient manner. |
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Records |
Prepare
receipt of eyewear patient/customer payments. |
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Maintain
records of patient/customer payments. |
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Discuss
the optician's legal and ethical responsibilities for maintaining patient
prescription data. |
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Dispensing
environment |
Discuss
the requirements for maintaining a clean, orderly, attractive, and efficient
dispensing environment. |
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Maintain
the dispensing environment in a safe and hygienic condition. |
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Third party program |
Discuss
the procedures of the third party program as they relate to dispensing
ophthalmic products and services. |
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Dispense
eyewear products and services in a manner consistent with third party
policies and eligibility requirements. |
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LENS FINISHING |
2 |
4 |
10 |
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Purposes |
Discuss
the purposes of hand edging in the fabrication of a lens. |
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Types |
Describe
the types of hand edges used in finishing lenses. |
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Name
the types and purposes of wheel grits used in finishing lenses. |
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Wheel preparation |
Prepare
an edger wheel for finishing a lens. |
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Cutting speed |
Discuss
the factors affecting cutting speed in hand edging a lens. |
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Angle selection |
Describe
the order for hand edging a lens. |
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Pin beveling |
State
the reasons for pin beveling a lens during the finishing process. |
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Chip removal |
Describe
the procedure used to remove large chips. |
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Remove
large chips from a lens. |
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Lens salvaging |
Describe
the procedure for salvaging an off-axis lens by hand edging. |
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Salvage
an off-axis lens by hand edging. |
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Prism correction |
Describe
the procedure of correcting for vertical prism by the hand edging method. |
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Correct
for vertical prism by the hand edging method. |
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Minus lenticular
lens |
Describe
the procedure used to fabricate a hand-flattened lenticular lens. |
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Edge polishing |
Edge
polish a glass lens using the hand edging method. |
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Edge
polish a plastic lens using the hand edging method. |
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Edge
polish a polycarbonate lens using the hand edging method. |
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Changing shapes |
Describe
hand edging techniques used when changing frames. |
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Nasal cut/add |
Describe
hand edging techniques used to prepare a nasal cut/add in fabricating lenses. |
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Lens cleaning |
Clean
a glass lens after deblocking and hand edging. |
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Clean
a plastic lens after deblocking and hand edging. |
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Clean
a polycarbonate lens after deblocking and hand edging. |
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MATCHING FRAMES TO CONSUMER
NEEDS |
2 |
4 |
5 |
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Frames |
Describe
the types and styles of frames available. |
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Describe
the types of bridges used in frame construction. |
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Describe
the types and styles of temples available for frames. |
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Specialty frames |
Describe
the types of frames best suited for infants and various ethnic facial
characteristics. |
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Describe
the types and styles of frames designed for specific occupations. |
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Discuss the use of side shields on
specialty frames. |
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Discuss
the construction and use of ptosis crutch spectacles. |
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Discuss
the construction and use of moisture chamber spectacles. |
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Consumer's
lifestyle |
Analyze
a consumer's lifestyle. |
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Inform
consumer of eyewear options and assist in the eyewear selection process. |
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Suggested
Resources |
Books
Brooks, C. F. (1983). Essentials for ophthalmic lens work.
Brooks, C. F., & Borish,
Audiovisuals
"Elementary Optics and the Lensometer,"
(BDS-1)
"Frame and Lens Selection," (BDS-2)
"Job Orders: Right Measurements the First
Time," (BDS-3)
"The Fitting Triangle and Frame
Adjustments,"(BDS-4)