Standarfd

Rev.02/15/05

PHR 103 - Principles of Sterile Medication Preparation

Course Description

Continues the development of student knowledge and skills in preparing medication, processing glassware, and maintaining an aseptic environment. Topics include: aseptic and sterile techniques, parenteral admixtures, hyperalimentation, chemotherapy, filtering, disinfecting, contamination, ophthalmic preparations, infection control, and quality control.

Competency Areas		Hours
Aseptic and Sterile Techniques		Class	4
Parenteral Admixtures		D. Lab	4
Hyperalimentation		P. Lab/O.B.I.	0
Chemotherapy		Credit	6
Filtering
Disinfecting
Contamination
Ophthalmic Preparations
Infection Control
Quality Control
Prerequisite:	PHR 101, PHR 102
Corequisite:	PHR 105

Course Guide

Competency	After completing this section, the student will:	Hours
		Class	D.Lab	P.Lab/ O.B.I.
ASEPTIC AND STERILE TECHNIQUES		10	8	0
Contamination	Describe microbial growth and transmission; origin, pharmacologic effect, and prevention of pyrogens; and heat sterilization and cold sterilization.
	List possibilities for contamination of an injectable solution during its preparation and for each possibility a precaution that would prevent the contamination.
	Describe particulate matter inspection and contamination monitoring.
	Explain visual inspection of parenteral solutions.
	Describe visual and chemical incompatibilities, pH and concentration effects, and reference sources.
Aseptic and sterile techniques	Discuss the use of a syringe and needle for aseptic withdrawal of the contents of a rubber-capped vial and a glass ampoule.
	Define sterility.
	Describe the occasions when hand washing is required.
	Discuss aseptic reconstitution of an antibiotic injection.
	List preparations that may be heat-sterilized.
	Describe parenteral routes of administration (e.g., rationale, precautions and problems, routes and methods of administration).
	Describe the equipment and systems used in parenteral administration.
	Describe the equipment used to prepare parenteral admixtures.
	Explain aseptic compounding techniques.
Labeling	Discuss labeling and recordkeeping.
PARENTERAL ADMIXTURES		10	10	0
Parenteral admixture types	Discuss types of IV fluids and their uses.
Parenteral admixture preparation	Discuss common parenteral additives.
	Discuss techniques and procedures for preparing parenteral admixtures, including label preparation and control records completion.
	Discuss the equipment and systems used in parenteral administration.
	Describe equipment used to prepare parenteral admixtures.
	Discuss visual and chemical incompatibilities, pH and concentration effects, and reference sources.
	Discuss particulate matter inspection and contamination monitoring.
	Discuss the selection and preparation of containers and closures for parenteral admixtures.
	Discuss proper selection of each parenteral admixture ingredient.
	Discuss the correct procedure for mixing and preparing parenteral admixture.
	Discuss correct selection, assembly, cleaning, use, and storage of necessary equipment.
	Discuss pharmaceutical solutes and basic solution theory.
Routes of administration	Discuss parenteral routes of administration.
Labeling and storage	Discuss the labeling requirement for parenteral admixtures.
	Discuss proper parenteral admixture handling and storage.
HYPERALIMENTATION		7	10	0
Nutritional therapy	Discuss the basic principles of and reasons for nutritional therapy.
Hyperalimentation products	Discuss basic hyperalimentation products and their uses.
Preparation	Discuss the correct techniques and procedures for preparing at least three hyperalimentation admixtures, including proper label preparation and appropriate recordings and storage requirements.
	Discuss the equipment used in preparing hyperalimentation.
	Discuss incompatibilities (visual and chemical, pH and concentration effects, and reference sources).
Contamination control	Discuss the importance of quality control and contamination control in relationship to the hyperalimentation admixture.
CHEMOTHERAPY		10	8	0
Classes	Discuss the various classifications of chemotherapy drugs.
Chemotherapy principles	Discuss the basic principles and the various uses of chemotherapy.
	Discuss the risk-benefit ratios.
	Discuss patient variables and drug therapy (e.g., age, weight, pathological conditions, and genetic factors).
Handling precautions	Discuss practical safety precautions for handling cytotoxic agents in hospital pharmacies, including impact on hospital pharmacy personnel and available protective equipment.
	Discuss in detail a policy for safely handling cytotoxic agents from receipt to disposal.
Agent preparation	Discuss quality control (particulate matter inspection and contamination monitoring).
	Discuss the preparation of cytotoxic agents.
FILTERING		1	2	0
Filtration process	Define the filtration process.
Filtration devices	Identify and discuss various filtration devices.
	Identify and describe at least five different filtration devices and their uses.
Filtration requirements	Discuss various filtration requirements for specified drugs or use situations.
DISINFECTING		1	1	0
Transmission and prevention	Discuss microbial growth and transmission.
	Discuss origin, pharmacologic effect, and pyrogen prevention.
Disinfection	Discuss sterilization vs disinfection and the difference between heat and "cold" sterilization.
	Discuss two major disinfecting agents.
	Discuss hand washing techniques and methods of cleaning various work surfaces and equipment.
CONTAMINATION		1	1	0
Aseptic techniques	List at least five different possibilities for contamination of an injectable solution during its preparation and for each possibility a precaution that would prevent the contamination.
	Discuss the proper technique for using a syringe and needle for aseptic withdrawal of the contents of a rubber-capped vial and a glass ampoule to prevent contamination.
	Discuss the proper technique for aseptic reconstitution of an antibiotic injection to prevent contamination.
Storage requirements	Discuss storage requirements for drugs and chemicals to prevent contamination.
OPHTHALMIC PREPARATIONS		0	0	0
Preparation	Define and discuss types of ophthalmic preparations and their uses (e.g., solutions, suspensions, and ointments).
	Discuss the general preparation and filtration process of eye medications and those used specifically in surgical procedures (e.g., local injections, etc.).
Administration	Discuss and describe the local administration of eye medications.
INFECTION		1	0	0
Prevention	Describe methods of bacterial and viral infection transmission and how to prevent spreading infections in a health care environment.
QUALITY CONTROL		1	0	0

Suggested Resources

Books

Abramowitz, & Hunt. (1991). Principles and advantages of automated TPN compounding. City, State: Clintec Nutrition.

Autigemma, A., & Bohny, B. (1988). Dosage calculation method and workbook (3rd ed.). New York: National League of Nursing.

Billups, & Billups. (Annual publication). American drug index. Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Brown, & Mulholland. (1988). Drug calculations: Process and problems for nursing practice (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Brown, & Mulholland. (1992). Basic drug calculations (4th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Carver, A. R., & Vertuno, S. L. (1987). How to calculate drug dosages (2nd ed.). Oradell, NJ: Medical Economics Books.

Curren, A. M., & Munday, L. D. (1990). Math for meds: Dosages and solutions. San Diego: Wallcur.

Dictionary of pharmacy. (1986). Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina.

DiGregorio, & Barbieri. (1991). Handbook of commonly prescribed drugs. City, State: Medical Surveillance.

Gennaro, A. R. (Ed.). (1990). Remington's pharmaceutical sciences (18th ed.). Easton, PA: Mack.

Hegstad, L. N., & Hayek, W. (1989). Essential drug dosage calculations (2nd ed.). East Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.

Hunt, M. L. (1989). Training manual for intravenous admixture personnel. Chicago: Pluribus.

Idsvoog, P. (1980). Manual for hospital pharmacy technicians. Unit 6: Intravenous solutions and admixtures. Bethesda, MD: Am Society of Hospital Pharmacists.

Lieu, D. (1987). Calculations manual for pharmacy technicians (8th ed.). City, State: North West College.

McEvoy. (Annual publication). AHFS drug information. Bethesda, MD: Am Society of Hospital Pharmacists.

Stoklosa, M. J., & Ansel, H. C. (1985). Pharmaceutical calculations (8th ed.). Malvern, PA: Lea & Febiger.

Trissel, L. A. (1991). Handbook of injectable drugs (6th ed.). Bethesda, MD: Am Society of Hospital Pharmacists.

USP. (Annual publication). USP drug information (Vols. 1A, 1B, 2). City, State: Author.

Audiovisuals

Aseptic preparation of parenteral products [VHS]. (1986). Bethesda, MD: Am Society of Hospital Pharmacists.

Medcom/Trainex. (1987). Intravenous therapy, #5022 [VHS]. City, State: Author.

Software

Sterile Product Preparation: A Multimedia Learning Tool [CD ROM]. (2002). Bethesda, MD: Am

Society of Hospital Pharmacists.