Standard

R State Standard £ Institutionally Developed College: N/A

PTA 209 – Kinesiology II
Course Description Continued study of the phenomenon of human motion as initiated in PTA 103 Kinesiology I. Topics include: review of muscle attachments, actions, and innervations; specific manual muscle testing techniques; posture and equilibrium; normal and abnormal gait; and advanced gait training skills and techniques.
Competency Areas	Hours
Review of Muscle Attachments, Actions, and Innervations	Class	3
Specific Manual Muscle Testing Techniques	D. Lab	2
Posture and Equilibrium	P. Lab/O.B.I.	3
Normal and Abnormal Gait	Credit	5
Advanced Gait Training Skills and Techniques

Prerequisite:	PTA 201, PTA 202, PTA 203, PTA 204
Corequisite:	PTA 205, PTA 206

Course Guide

Competency	After completing this section, the student will be able to:	Hours
		Class	D.Lab	P.Lab/ O.B.I.
Review of Muscle ATTACHMENTS, Actions, and Innervations		8	5	5
Muscle Review	Review muscle attachments, innervations, and functions.
	Define manual muscle test.
	Differentiate between a gross and a specific manual muscle test.
	Identify the muscle test grades and explain the definition of each.
	Perform a gross and specific manual muscle test to assess muscle function.
	Identify substitutions in muscle testing.
	Define equilibrium, center of gravity, and line of gravity.
	Explain factors which affect the stability of an object.
	Locate the center of gravity in a human.
	List points through which line of gravity falls when a human is standing erect.
	Draw a normal line of gravity on a skeleton or diagram.
	Explain how balance is maintained in the upright position.
	Give rationale for appraising body alignments and body posture.
	Differentiate between ideal and faulty posture with use of a plumb line.
	Identify postural abnormalities by checking body balance, length measurements, alignment, and muscle tightness.
	Identify major points that should be looked at in a posture examination.
	State the components of the gait cycle.
	Determine the major muscle groups which are active in each phase of normal gait.
	Identify various gait deviations and the possible causes of each.
	Practice and observe abnormal gait patterns in laboratory.
	Review muscle origins, insertions, innervations, and functions.
	Identify substitutes for gross movement.
Specific Manual Muscle Testing Techniques		5	3	10
Manual muscle tests	Define manual muscle test.
	Differentiate between a gross and a specific manual muscle test.
	Perform a gross and specific manual test to assess muscle function.
Muscle test grades	Identify the muscle test grades.
	Explain the definition of each muscle grade.
Posture and Equilibrium		5	3	2
Center of gravity	Define equilibrium, center of gravity, and line of gravity.
	Explain factors which affect the stability of an object.
	Locate the center of gravity in a human.
Line of gravity	List points through which line of gravity falls when a human is standing erect.
	Draw a normal line of gravity on a skeleton or diagram.
Balance	Explain how balance is maintained in the upright position.
Posture	Give rationale for appraising body alignment and body posture.
	Differentiate between ideal and faulty posture with use of a plumb line.
	Identify postural abnormalities by checking body balance, length measurements, alignment, and muscle tightness.
Posture examination	Identify major points that should be looked at in a posture examination.
Normal and Abnormal Gait		6	3	10
Normal gait cycle	State the components of gait cycle.
	Determine the major muscle groups which are active in each phase of normal gait.
Gait deviations	Identify various gait deviations and the possible causes of each.
	Practice abnormal gait patterns in the laboratory.
	Observe abnormal gait patterns in the laboratory.
Advanced Gait Training Skills and Techniques		6	6	3
Gait deviations	List common gait deviations. Identify common gait deviations.
Therapeutic exercise techniques	Choose proper therapeutic exercise techniques to improve and correct gait deviations.
	Apply proper therapeutic exercise techniques to improve and correct gait deviations.
Gait analysis	State the components of gait cycle.
	Determine the major muscle groups which are active in each phase of normal gait.
	Identify various gait deviations and their causes.
	Practice and observe abnormal gait in laboratory.

Suggested Resources

Media (print/audio/ visual/www/ other)	Author	Year	Title: Subtitle	Edition	Location	Publisher/ Publication	pp.
Print	Kendall, F. P.	2005	Muscles: Testing and function.	5^th ed.	Baltimore	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins	560
	Norkin, C. C. & Levangie, P.	2005	Joint structure and function: A comprehensive analysis.	4^th ed.	Philadelphia	F. A. Davis	588

Posted: 09/24/08