Standard

PTA 209 - Kinesiology II

Course Description

Continued study of the phenomenon of human motion as initiated in PTA 103 Kinesiology I. Topics include: review of muscle origins, insertions, actions, and innervations; specific manual muscle testing techniques; posture and equilibrium; normal and abnormal gait; and advanced gait training skills and techniques.

Competency Areas		Hours
Review of Muscle Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations		Class	5
Specific Manual Muscle Testing Techniques		D. Lab	3
Posture and Equilibrium		P. Lab/O.B.I.	0
Normal and Abnormal Gait		Credit	6
Advanced Gait Training Skills and Techniques
Prerequisite:	PTA 103
Corequisite:

Course Guide

Competency	After completing this section, the student will:	Hours
		Class	D.Lab	P.Lab/ O.B.I.
REVIEW OF MUSCLE ORIGINS, INSERTIONS, ACTIONS, AND INNERVATIONS		8	3	0
	Review muscle origins, insertions, innervations, and functions.
	Define manual muscle test.
	Differentiate between a gross and a specific manual muscle test.
	Review muscle origins, insertions, innervations, and functions.
	Define manual muscle test.
	Differentiate between a gross and a specific manual muscle test.
	Identify the muscle test grades and explain the definition of each.
	Perform a gross and specific manual muscle test to assess muscle function.
	Identify substitutions in muscle testing.
	Define equilibrium, center of gravity, and line of gravity.
	Explain factors which affect the stability of an object.
	Locate the center of gravity in a human.
	List points through which line of gravity falls when a human is standing erect.
	Draw a normal line of gravity on a skeleton or diagram.
	Explain how balance is maintained in the upright position.
	Give rationale for appraising body alignments and body posture.
	Differentiate between ideal and faulty posture with use of a plumb line.
	Identify postural abnormalities by checking body balance, length measurements, alignment, and muscle tightness.
	Identify major points that should be looked at in a posture examination.
	State the components of the gait cycle.
	Determine the major muscle groups which are active in each phase of normal gait.
	Identify various gait deviations and the possible causes of each.
	Practice and observe abnormal gait patterns in laboratory.
Muscle review	Review muscle origins, insertions, innervations, and functions.
	Identify substitutes for gross movement.
SPECIFIC MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING TECHNIQUES		10	6	0
Manual muscle tests	Define manual muscle test.
	Differentiate between a gross and a specific manual muscle test.
	Perform a gross and specific manual test to assess muscle function.
Muscle test grades	Identify the muscle test grades. Explain the definition of each muscle grade.
POSTURE AND EQUILIBRIUM		8	5	0
Center of gravity	Define equilibrium, center of gravity, and line of gravity.
	Explain factors which affect the stability of an object.
	Locate the center of gravity in a human.
Line of gravity	List points through which line of gravity falls when a human is standing erect.
	Draw a normal line of gravity on a skeleton or diagram.
Balance	Explain how balance is maintained in the upright position.
Posture	Give rationale for appraising body alignment and body posture.
	Differentiate between ideal and faulty posture with use of a plumb line.
	Identify postural abnormalities by checking body balance, length measurements, alignment, and muscle tightness.
Posture examination	Identify major points that should be looked at in a posture examination.
NORMAL AND ABNORMAL GAIT		14	10	0
Normal gait cycle	State the components of gait cycle.
	Determine the major muscle groups which are active in each phase of normal gait.
Gait deviations	Identify various gait deviations and the possible causes of each.
	Practice abnormal gait patterns in the laboratory.
	Observe abnormal gait patterns in the laboratory.
ADVANCED GAIT TRAINING SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES		10	6	0
Gait deviations	List common gait deviations. Identify common gait deviations.
Therapeutic exercise techniques	Choose proper therapeutic exercise techniques to improve and correct gait deviations.
	Apply proper therapeutic exercise techniques to improve and correct gait deviations.
Gait analysis	State the components of gait cycle.
	Determine the major muscle groups which are active in each phase of normal gait.
	Identify various gait deviations and their causes.
	Practice and observe abnormal gait in laboratory.

Suggested Resources

Books

Kendall, F. P. (1983). Muscles: Testing and function (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

Norkin, C. C., & Levangie, P. (1992). Joint structure and function: A comprehensive analysis (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

O'Sullivan, S. B., & Schmitz, T. J. (1988). Physical rehabilitation: Assessment and treatment (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.