Standard

RAD 111 Radiologic Science

Course Description

Introduces the concepts of basic physics and emphasizes the fundamentals of X-ray generating equipment. Topics include: units of measure, physical principles, atomic structure, structure of matter, electrostatics, magnetism and electromagnetism, electrodynamics, and control of high voltage and rectification.

Competency Areas	Hours
Units of Measure	Class	5
Physical Principles	D. Lab	0
Atomic Structure	P. Lab/O.B.I.	0
Structure of Matter	Credit	5
Electrostatics
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Electrodynamics
Control of High Voltage and Rectification
X-Ray Tubes
X-Ray Circuits
Production and Characteristics of Radiation

Prerequisite/ Corequisite:

MAT 103

Course Guide

Competency	After completing this section, the student will:	Hours
		Class	D.Lab	P.Lab/ O.B.I.
UNITS OF MEASURE		2	0	0
English and metric system	Define the fundamental units of measurement used in the English measurement system.
	Define the fundamental units of measurement used in the metric measurement system.
	Compare the utility of English and metric measurement systems.
English/metric system conversion	Use conversion tables to convert metric measurements to their English equivalent.
	Use conversion tables to convert English measurements to their metric equivalent
	Use conversion formulas and constants to convert metric measurements to English measurements and English measurements to metric measurements.
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES		2	0	0
Inertia and momentum	Define inertia and momentum.
	Describe the general principles relating to inertia and momentum.
Energy and work	Define work.
	Define kinetic and potential energy.
	Describe the relationship between energy and work.
	State the law of conservation of energy.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE		2	0	0
Bohr's theory	Describe Bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom.
Atomic structure	Describe the characteristics and functions of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
	Describe the energy levels associated with a given atom.
Ionization	Explain the process of ionization.
Covalent and ionic bonding	Compare covalent and ionic bonding.
STRUCTURE OF MATTER		2	0	0
Elements	Define element.
	Describe the characteristics of a given element using the periodic table.
Molecules and compounds	Describe the characteristics of a molecule. Define compound.
ELECTROSTATICS		2	0	0
Terminology	Define electrical charge. Define electrical field.
Electrification	Describe the source of electrical charges and electrical fields.
	Explain methods of electrification.
Electrostatic laws	Explain the laws of electrostatics. Describe applications of the laws of electrostatics.
MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM		8	0	0
Magnetism	Discuss the properties of magnetism.
	Discuss the laws of magnetism.
	Explain the principle of magnetic induction.
Electromagnetism	Explain the interaction between electrical and magnetic fields.
	Discuss types of electromagnetic induction.
	Describe types and functions of generators, motors, transformers, and coils.
	Compare single- and three-phase generators in terms of radiation production and efficiency.
ELECTRODYNAMICS		6	0	0
Terminology	Define the terms potential difference, current, and resistance.
Characteristics of alternating and direct current	Describe the characteristics of alternating and direct current.
Ohm's law	Solve direct current problems using Ohm's law.
Resistance circuits	Given a schematic diagram of a resistance circuit, label the component parts.
Electrical measurement and protective devices	Describe electrical measurement devices.
	Given a schematic diagram, label the electrical measurement devices.
	Describe electrical protective devices.
CONTROL OF HIGH VOLTAGE AND RECTIFICATION		7	0	0
High voltage	Identify mechanisms used to control high voltage.
	Compute transformed voltages and amperages using appropriate formulas.
Rectification	Define rectification.
	Explain the purpose of rectification.
	Compare solid state and vacuum tube rectification in terms of function, advantages, and disadvantages.
X-RAY TUBES		6	0	0
Anodes and cathodes	Describe the characteristics of a rotating anode in terms of construction and function.
	Describe the characteristics of a cathode in terms of construction and function.
Tube housing	Describe the construction and function of an X-ray tube housing.
Cables	Describe the construction and function of X-ray tube cables.
X-ray tube construction	Given an X-ray tube rating chart, determine the maximum time allowable exposure factor for various radiographic procedures.
	Given simulated exposure factors, use an anode cooling chart to determine the rate of anode cooling.
	Given simulated exposures and a housing cooling chart, determine the heat units accumulated (latent heat) and the cooling characteristics of the X-ray tube housing.
X-RAY CIRCUITS		5	0	0
Primary circuit	Describe the components of an X-ray primary circuit and explain the function of each component.
Secondary circuit	Describe the components of an X-ray secondary circuit in terms of the arrangement and function of each component.
Filament circuit	Describe the components of an X-ray filament circuit in terms of the arrangement and function of each component.
Compound circuit identification	Given a simple diagram of a complete X-ray circuit with missing components, complete the circuit and label the components.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIATION		8	0	0
Principles	State the principles of X-ray production.
	Compare the production of Bremstrahlung (braking rays) with the production of characteristic X-rays.
	Describe the conditions necessary to produce X-rays.
Photon interaction and disintegration	Discuss various photon interactions in terms of interaction description, relation to atomic number, and applications.
	Define photon disintegration.
Beam penetration, absorption, and scatter	Discuss the relationships of wavelength and frequency in terms of beam penetration, absorption, and scatter.
Units of measure	Define the units of measure used to quantify radiation.
	List examples of the radiological applications of radiation units of measure.

Suggested Resources

Books

Bushong, S. C. (1994). Radiologic science for technologists (5th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Curry, T. S., et al. (1990). Christensen's physics of diagnostic radiology (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

DeAngelis, R. V., & Edgar, M. (Year). Radiography workbook two. Marlboro, NJ: Health & Allied.

Selman, J. (1994). The fundamentals of x-ray and radium physics (8th ed.). Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Sprawls, P. (1990). Radiographic principles. Rockville, MD: Aspen.