RAD 116 - Principles of Radiographic Procedures II, 2008

Beam Limiting Devices		3	0	0
Definition	Define beam limiting device.
Purpose	Explain the purposes of beam limiting devices in terms of patient dosage, scattered radiation production, radiographic density, and contrast.
Types	Describe types of beam limiting devices in terms of function and applications.
Beam Filtration		3	0	0
Definition	Define filtration.
Rationale	Describe the rationale for filtration of the primary beam.
Composition	Describe the metals used for beam filtration.
Types	Explain types of filtration in terms of radiation output, patient dosage, radiation density, and contrast.
Half value layer	Define the half value layer.
	Describe applications of the half value layer in terms of radiation output and patient dosage.
Scattered/Secondary Radiation		6	0	0
Definition	Define scattered/secondary radiation.
Interactions	Describe interactions of X-rays with matter which produce scattered/secondary radiation.
Factors	Analyze relationships of factors affecting scattered/secondary radiation.
Effects	Discuss effects of scattered/secondary radiation in terms of patient dosage, image quality, and occupational exposure.
	Explain effects of scatter on digital image quality.
Control of the Remnant Beam		6	0	0
kVp selection	Explain the relationship between kVp and scattered/secondary radiation.
Grids	Describe a grid in terms of its purpose, components, and construction.
	Differentiate among types of grids.
	Analyze grid efficiency in terms of ratio and frequency.
	Given technical information, select an appropriate grid.
	Define grid cut off.
	Describe various grid artifacts.
	Identify appropriate grid ratio and frequency for both computed radiography and direct radiography.
Beam limitations	Explain the relationship between beam limitation and scattered/secondary radiation.
	Describe the importance of beam limitation related to digital image quality.
Technique Formation		6	0	0
Purpose	Explain the purpose of technique formation in terms of exposure standardization and image consistency.
Considerations	Discuss the considerations involved in technique selection.
Types	Distinguish among the various types of technique systems.
Application	Given clinical simulations, demonstrate patient measurement and technique selection.
	Compare exposure principles for cassette-based and cassette-less digital imaging systems.
	Categorize digital image quality related to exposure index and image noise.
	Explain how exposure index (i.e., S number, LgM), is related to technique formation and patient exposure.
	Discuss technique formation limited effects on digital image density or contrast.
Exposure Calculations		6	0	0
Factors	Calculate and analyze the relationships between factors affecting exposure.

Suggested Resources

Bushong, S. C. (1988). Radiologic science for technologists (4^th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Carroll, Q. B. (1985). Fuch's principles of radiographic exposure, processing, and quality control (3^rd ed.). Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Curry, T. S., et al. (1990). Christensen's physics of diagnostic radiology (4^th ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

DeAngelis, R. V., & Edgar, M. (Year). Radiography workbook two. Marlboro, NJ: Health & Allied.

Hiss, S. S. (1987). Understanding radiography (3^rd ed.). Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Selman, J. (1985). The fundamentals of x-ray and radium physics (7th ed.). Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Sprawls, P. (1990). Radiographic principles. Rockville, MD: Aspen.

Thompson, T. T. (1979). Cahoon's formulating x-ray techniques (9^th ed.). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Competency Areas	Hours
Beam Limiting Devices	Class	3
Beam Filtration	D. Lab	0
Scattered/Secondary Radiation	P. Lab/O.B.I.	0
Control of the Remnant Beam	Credit	3
Technique Formation
Exposure Calculations

Prerequisite:	RAD 107
Corequisite:

D.Lab

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