Standard

Posted: 03/10/08

R State Standard £ Institutionally Developed College: N/A

RAD 120 - Principles of Radiation Biology and Protection

Course Description

Provides instruction on the principles of cell radiation interaction. Radiation effects on cells and factors affecting cell response are presented. Acute and chronic effects of radiation are discussed. Topics include: radiation detection and measurement; patient protection; personnel protection; absorbed dose equivalencies; agencies and regulations; introduction to radiation biology; cell anatomy, radiation/cell interaction; and effects of radiation.

Competency Areas	Hours
Radiation Detection and Measurement	Class	5
Patient Protection	D. Lab	0
Personnel Protection	P. Lab/O.B.I.	0
Absorbed Dose Equivalencies	Credit	5
Agencies and Regulations
Introduction to Radiation Biology
Cell Anatomy
Radiation/Cell Interaction
Effects of Radiation

Prerequisite:	Program admission level competency in Math and English (diploma) Program admission level competency in Math, English, and Biology (degree)
Corequisite:

Course Guide

Competency	After completing this section, the student will be able to:	Hours
		Class	D.Lab	P.Lab/ O.B.I.

RADIATION DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT		5	0	0
Units of measure	Define terms used to measure ionizing radiation such as rem, roentgen, rad, C/kg, seivert, and gray.
	Distinguish between units of measure for ionizing radiation.
Monitoring devices	Discuss personnel monitoring devices in terms of types, purposes, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.
Ionization chambers	List types of ionization chambers.
	Describe the theory of operation for ionization chambers.
Sources of radiation	List types and sources of natural radiation and man-made radiation.
PATIENT PROTECTION		3	0	0
Beam limiting devices	Explain the relationship of beam limiting devices to patient radiation protection.
Filtration	Discuss added and inherent filtration in terms of the effect on patient dosage.
Shielding	Explain the purpose and importance of patient shielding.
	Given a list of patient shielding devices and radiographic procedures, correlate the method of shielding to the radiographic procedure
Exposure factors	Explain the relationship of exposure factors to patient dosage.
Image receptor system	Given various radiographic procedures, identify how to use different IRs that will result in an optimum diagnostic image with the minimum radiation exposure to the patient.
Repeat radiographs	Discuss methods to avoid repeat radiographs.
Fluoroscopy & Mobile procedures	Explain how to reduce patient dose when performing stationary or mobile fluoroscopy, and mobile radiography.
PERSONNEL PROTECTION		6	0	0
Room construction and design	Explain the use of primary and secondary radiation barriers.
	Discuss protection devices influencing room construction and design.
	Clarify controlled areas from uncontrolled areas.
Radiographic equipment and techniques	Explain how radiographic equipment/techniques are used to reduce personnel exposure during radiographic, fluoroscopic, mobile, and surgical procedures.
Personnel protective devices	Explain how personnel protective devices are used to reduce personnel exposure during radiographic, fluoroscopic, mobile, and surgical procedures.
Patient restraint devices	Explain how patient restraint devices are used to reduce personnel exposure during radiographic, fluoroscopic, mobile, and surgical procedures.
ABSORBED DOSE EQUIVALENCIES		2	0	0
Definitions	Define effective dose equivalent.
Formulas	Determine dose equivalent in terms of SI and traditional units when given the quality factor and absorbed dose for different ionizing radiations.
Dose limits	Discuss current National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements recommendations for occupational and general public exposures.
	Describe dose limits related to the declared pregnant radiographer.
AGENCIES AND REGULATIONS		2	0	0
Agencies	Identify federal and state regulatory agencies.
Evolution of standards	Discuss historical perspectives relating to radiation protection.
Regulations	Explain two purposes of Public Law 97-35.
	Discuss state regulations regarding patient and personnel protection.
	Identify components of 10 CFR part 20 related to personnel monitoring and dose limits.
Responsibilities	Describe the "ALARA" concept in regards to personnel and patient protection.
	Discuss radiographer radiation protection responsibilities as they pertain to patients, personnel, and the public.
INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION BIOLOGY		2	0	0
History	Discuss historical evidence of the effects of radiation.
Interaction of radiation with matter	Describe concepts relating to the interaction of radiation with matter.
Human anatomy as matter	Discuss the information concerning the human body as it relates to atomic structure.
CELL ANATOMY		3	0	0
Structure	Review the structures involved in cellular anatomy.
Function	Describe the importance of the macromolecules in terms of cellular function.
RADIATION/CELL INTERACTION		19	0	0
Definition	Define radiation/cell interaction.
Effects	Discuss the effects of radiation on cells related to direct and indirect effect.
	Delineate the four basic radiation dose-response curves.
Factors affecting cell response	Discuss the cellular factors that affect the radiosensitivity of each cell.
	Identify physical characteristics of radiation that impact cell response
Modifiers	Differentiate between radioprotectors and radiosensitizers.
EFFECTS OF RADIATION		8	0	0
Definitions	Explain the terms early and late effects of radiation.
Acute exposure	Describe acute exposure in terms of somatic and genetic effects.
	Differentiate whole body responses and local responses to acute exposure.
Chronic exposure	Describe chronic exposure in terms of somatic and genetic effects.
	Differentiate whole body responses and local responses to chronic exposure.
Potential biologic damage	Distinguish between stochastic and deterministic effects of ionizing radiation.

Suggested Resources

Bushong, S. C. (2001). Radiologic Science for Technologists (7^th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Frankel, R. (1976). Radiation Protection for Radiologic Technologists. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Gurley, L. T., et al. (2002). Introduction to Radiologic technology (5^th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Hall, E. J. (1984). Radiation and life (2^nd ed.). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon .

Lea & Febiger. Selman, J. (2000). The Fundamentals of Imaging Physics and Radiobiology (9^th ed.). Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Statkiewicz, M. A., et al (2002). Radiation protection in Medical Radiographer. St. Louis: Mosby.

Travis, E. L. (1989). Primer of medical radiobiology (2^nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Yr Bk.

.Dowd, S.B. & Tilson, E.R. (1999) Practical radiation protection and applied radiobiology (2^nd ed.) Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders