RAD 126 - Radiologic Technology Review, 2008

Image Production and Evaluation		8	0	0
Recorded detail, density, distortion, and contrast	Review factors affecting recorded detail, density, distortion, and contrast.
	Discuss the relationships among density, distortion, contrast, and recorded detail.
Film, screen, and/or grid combination selection	Review factors that govern the selection of films, screens, and grids.
	Discuss the relationship between films and screens.
Choice of exposure	Review the effect of factors influencing exposure control such as the nature of the radiographic procedure; films, screens, and grids selected; power setting used; and beam limitation and scatter.
	Perform exposure calculations for various radiographic procedures.
Automatic exposure controls	Describe the advantages and disadvantages associated with automatic exposure control.
	Discuss factors affecting the decision to use automatic exposure controls.
Technique chart	Given a simulated radiographic procedure, use technique charts to select exposure factors.
Film processing and quality assurance	Review film storage considerations.
	Review radiographic identification procedures.
	Discuss the daily and periodic maintenance for automatic film processors.
	Discuss the procedures for loading and unloading.
Process Digital/Electronic Images	Discuss the exposure indicators for the 3 major computed radiography systems
	Describe the effects of frequency, contrast, and noise on digital image quality
	Discuss the function of digital image window level and width controls.
Image Archiving	Describe picture archival and communication systems (PACS).
	Discuss film archival.
Evaluation of radiographic images	Discuss the criteria used to evaluate the diagnostic quality of radiographs.
	List the possible causes of poor radiograph quality.
RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES		8	0	0
Patient positioning	Review positioning terminology.
	Describe types and functions of immobilization and positioning devices.
	Given a radiographic procedure, state the appropriate breathing instructions for the patient.
	Discuss positioning and technique variations for various radiographic procedures.
Patient preparation	Given various radiographic procedures, describe the requisite procedures for patient preparation.
Contrast media	List the types of contrast media.
	Match contrast media with radiographic procedures.
	Given a specific contrast medium, list the indications, contraindications, and the adverse reactions associated with its use.
Specific radiographic procedures, positioning, and equipment	Given a list of routine and special radiographic procedures, list the steps for patient preparation and patient positioning.
	Given a list of routine and special radiographic procedures, select the equipment needed and the exposure settings that are consistent with A.R.R.T. specifications.
Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, and Terminology		6	0	0
Terminology	Given diagrams of the skeletal, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, and nervous/ sensory systems, label each anatomical structure with its accepted medical term.
	Given a list of terms relating to physiology and pathology, define each
Anatomy and physiology	Evaluate radiographs of the skeletal, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, genitourinary, and nervous/sensory systems in terms of positioning accuracy, image quality, and anatomical structures and physiological functions visualized.
Pathology	Evaluate radiographs of the skeletal, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, genitourinary, and nervous/sensory systems in terms of pathologies revealed.
Equipment Operation and Quality Control		6	0	0
Radiographic equipment	Given diagrams of various radiographic equipment and accessories, label the component parts.
	Describe equipment used for computed radiography and digital radiography
	Discuss the differences in various types and models of portable radiographic equipment.
	Discuss the differences in portable and non-portable radiographic equipment.
X-ray tube operation	Describe the theory of operation of an X-ray tube.
	Describe the construction and function of an X-ray tube.
	Determine the maximum allowable exposure factor for various radiographic procedures using an X-ray tube rating chart.
	Given simulations of radiographic exposures and anode and tube housing cooling charts, determine the rate of anode and tube housing cooling.
Maintenance and malfunctions	Review X-ray tube warm-up procedures for radiographic equipment from various manufacturers.
	Perform safety checks of radiographic equipment and accessories such as lead aprons and gloves and collimator accuracy.
	Identify symptoms of malfunctions in radiographic equipment.
	Discuss reporting procedures for malfunctions of radiographic equipment.
Radiation Protection		6	0	0
Patient protection	Describe the use and function of beam limiting devices, beam filtration, and shielding devices.
	Describe the relationship between exposure factors and patient dosage.
	Describe the nature and function of the ten-day rule.
	Given various radiographic procedures, determine the film, screen, and exposure setting combination that will minimize the radiation dosage that patients receive.
	Discuss methods to avoid repeat radiographs.
Personnel protection	Describe the purpose of primary and secondary radiation barriers and room construction and design in terms of personnel protection.
	Describe the radiographic equipment and techniques used to reduce personnel exposure during radiographic, fluoroscopic, mobile, and surgical procedures.
	Discuss the types and purposes of personnel protective devices used during radiographic, fluoroscopic, mobile, and surgical procedures.
	Describe the types, uses, and purposes of patient restraint devices for reducing personnel radiation exposure.
Radiation monitoring devices	Describe personnel monitoring devices in terms of purposes, types, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.
PATIENT CARE AND EDUCATION		6	0	0
Patient identity and procedure verification	Verify the patient's identity by asking the patient and/or by checking the wrist band.
Patient identity and procedure verification	Verify the radiographic procedure requested by checking the procedure requisition form.
Patient transfer	Review the principles of body mechanics applicable to patient care.
	Demonstrate procedures for patient transfer such as table to table, table to wheelchair, wheelchair to bed, bed to stretcher, the three-man lift, and drawsheet lift.
	Describe the procedures for turning patients who have severe trauma, unconsciousness, disorientation, or amputated limbs.
Patient preparation and instruction	Given various radiographic procedures, list the patient preparation steps.
	Given various radiographic procedures, state the appropriate instructions to be given to the patient.
	Given radiographic procedures using contrast agents, list the appropriate contrast agent for each procedure.
	Given various radiographic procedures, discuss patient preparation in terms of procedures, indications, contraindications, and symptoms of and treatment for adverse reactions to contrast agents.
Disinfection and sterilization	Given various radiographic procedures and patient information, describe the disinfection and sterilization procedures in terms of types and methods used.
	Demonstrate the procedures for scrubbing, donning gowns and gloves, removing gowns and gloves, and handling sterile instruments.
	Discuss procedures for handling and disposing of infectious wastes.
Isolation	Given a list of isolation techniques, describe the function, purpose, and procedures for each.
	Discuss the psychological considerations for the management of infectious patients.
Vital signs	Describe the vital signs used to assess patient condition.
	Identify normal values for measurements of temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respiration.
	Demonstrate the clinical measurement and recording of temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respiration.
Medical emergencies	Describe the symptoms of cardiac arrest, anaphylactic shock, convulsion, seizure, hemorrhage, apnea, emesis, aspiration, fractures, and diabetic coma/insulin reaction.
	Describe the acute care procedures for cardiac arrest, anaphylactic shock, convulsion, seizure, hemorrhage, apnea, emesis, aspiration, fractures, and diabetic coma/insulin reaction.
	Describe the use of medical equipment and supplies in treating medical emergencies.

Suggested Resources

Anthony, C. P., & Thibodeau, G. A. (1987). Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology (12^th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Armstrong, P., & Wastie, M. L. (1981). X-ray Diagnosis. Boston: Blackwell Scientific.

Ballinger, P. W. (1990). Merrill's atlas of radiographic positions and radiographic procedures (7^th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Bontrager, K. (1987). Textbook of radiographic positioning and related anatomy (2^nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Yr Bk.

Brinbok, G. (1965). Pathology for Radiographers. London: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Bushong, S. C. (1988). Radiologic Science for Technologists (4^th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Carroll, Q. B. (1985). Fuch's principles of radiographic exposure, processing, and quality control (3^rd ed.). Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Chabner, D. (1985). The language of Medicine (3^rd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.

Curry, T. S., et al. (1990). Christensen's physics of diagnostic radiology (4^th ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

DeAngelis, R. V., & Edgar, M. (Year). Radiography Workbook Two. Marlboro, NJ: Health & Allied.

Ehrlich, R. A., & Givens, E. M. (1989). Patient care in Radiography (3rd ed). St. Louis: Mosby.

Eisenberg, D. (1985). Pathology for Radiographers. St. Louis: Mosby.

Frankel, R. (1976). Radiation protection for Radiologic Technologists. New York: McGraw-Hill. Glanze, W. D., et al. (1986).

Mosby's Medical and Nursing Dictionary (2^nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Gurley, L. T., et al. (1986). Introduction to Radiologic technology (2^nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Gylys, B. A., & Wedding, M. E. (1988). Instructor's Guide for Medical Terminology: A Systems Approach. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

Gylys, B. A., & Wedding, M. E. (1988). Medical terminology: A systems approach (2^nd ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

Hall, E. J. (1984). Radiation and Life (2^nd ed.). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.

Hamilton, H., & McVan, B. (1987). Professional Guide to Diseases (2nd ed.). Springhouse, PA: Intermed Communications.

Hiss, S. S. (1987). Understanding Radiography (3^rd ed.). Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Kreel, L. (1980). Clark's Positioning in Radiography (Vol. 1) (10^th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Yr Bk.

Kreel, L. (1981). Clark's Positioning in Radiography (Vol. 2). St. Louis: Mosby Yr Bk.

LaFleur, M. W., & Starr, W. K. (1988). Exploring Medical Language. St. Louis: Mosby.

Laudicina, P. (1989). Applied Pathology for Radiographers. Philadelphia: Saunders.

Mace, J. D., & Kowalczyk, N. M. (1988). Radiographic Pathology for Technologists. St. Louis: Mosby.

Marieb, E. (1988). Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Marieb, E. (1988). Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology Workbook. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Memmler, R. L., & Wood, D. L. (1986). Structure and Function of the Human Body. Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Meschan, I. (1978). Radiographic positioning and Related Anatomy (2^nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.

Miller, B. F., & Keane, C. B. (1987). Encyclopedia & Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Allied Health (4^th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.

Noz, M. E., & Maguire, G. Q. (1985). Radiation Protection in the Radiologic and Health Sciences (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

Rice, E. P. (1985). Phonetic Dictionary of Medical Terminology: A Spelling Guide. Owings Mills, MD: National Health.

Rice, J. (1986). Answer key and test bank: Medical Terminology with Human Anatomy. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.

Rice, J. (1986). Medical Terminology with Human Anatomy. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.

Seeram, E. (1989). Imaging Equipment. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Selman, J. (1985). The Fundamentals of X-ray and Radium Physics (7th ed.). Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.

Smith, G. L., & Davis, P. E. (1988). Medical Terminology: A Programmed Text (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Snopek, A. M. (1984). Fundamentals of Special Radiographic Procedures (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.

Soloman, E. P., & Phillips, G. A. (1987). Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Sprawls, P. (1990). Radiographic Pprinciples. Rockville, MD: Aspen.

Squires, B. P. (1986). Basic terms of Anatomy and Physiology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.

Statkiewicz, M. A., & Ritenour, E. R. (1983). Radiation protection for student radiographers. St. Louis: Mosby.

Thibodeau, G. A., & Anthony, C. P. (1987). Structure and function of the body. St. Louis: Mosby.

Thomas, C. L. (Ed.). (2006). Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary (20th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

Thompson, T. T. (1979). Cahoon's formulating x-ray techniques (9th ed.). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Torres, L. S., & Morrill, C. (1983). Basic Medical Techniques and Patient Care for Radiologic Technologists. (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Tortorici, M. R. (1982). Fundamentals of Angiography. St. Louis: Mosby.

Travis, E. L. (1989). Primer of Medical Radiobiology (2nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Yr Bk

Competency Areas	Hours
Image Production and Evaluation	Class	4
Radiographic Procedures	D. Lab	0
Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, and Terminology	P. Lab/O.B.I.	0
Equipment Operation and Quality Control	Credit	4
Radiation Protection
Patient Care and Education

Prerequisite:	RAD 134, RAD 138
Corequisite:	RAD 134, RAD 138

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