Standard

Posted: 03/12/08

R State Standard £ Institutionally Developed College: N/A

RAD 133 - Clinical Radiography II

Course Description

Continues introductory student learning experiences in the hospital setting. Topics include: equipment utilization; exposure techniques; participation in and/or observation of routine projections of the lower extremities, pelvic girdle, spine, and bony thorax; and participation in and/or observation of procedures related to the gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary (GU), and biliary systems. Execution of radiographic procedures will be conducted under direct and indirect supervision.

Competency Areas	Hours
Equipment Utilization	Class	0
Exposure Techniques	D. Lab	0
Participation in and/or Observation of Routine Projections of the Lower Extremities, Pelvic Girdle, Spine, and Bony Thorax	P. Lab/O.B.I.	21
Participation in and/or Observation of Procedures Related to the Gastrointestinal (GI), Genitourinary (GU), and Biliary Systems	Credit	7

Prerequisite:	RAD 101, RAD 132
Corequisite:

Course Guide

Competency	After completing this section, the student will be able to:		Hours
			Class		D.Lab		P.Lab/ O.B.I.
Equipment Utilization				0		0	210
Equipment inspection		Observe safety checks of radiographic equipment and accessories.
		Recognize malfunctions in the radiographic unit (including table, tube and accessories).
		Note difficulties experienced which might assist in locating the cause of the malfunction.
		Report malfunctions in the radiographic unit (including table, tube, and accessories).
		Inspect and clean screens and cassettes regularly to identify and remove causes of artifacts.
		Recognize malfunctions in the automatic processor.
		Note difficulties experienced which might assist in locating the cause of the malfunction.
		Report malfunctions in the automatic processor.
		Monitor the performance of the automatic processor.
		Clean, wash, disinfect, and/or sterilize the facilities and equipment (e.g., cassettes, tabletops) and dispose of contaminated items in preparation for the next examination.
X-ray tube warm-up		Warm up the x-ray tube to achieve proper operating conditions by following the manufacturer’s prescribed sequence of steps.
Exposure Techniques				0		0	(210)
Film storage and processing		Store film/cassette in a manner which will reduce the possibility of accidentally exposing or re-exposing the film.
		Imprint proper identification information onto the film using either the radiographic, photographic, or light imprinter method.
		Process exposed film by unloading the cassette and feeding it into the automatic processor.
		Reload cassettes by selecting film of proper size and type.
		Record required information on the request form following performance of examination (may include technologist identification, patient data, billing codes number and size of films, technique or other information as required by department protocol.)
		Combine radiographic requisition and radiographs for interpretation and filling.
Technique development		Determine appropriate exposure factors using calipers, technique charts, and tube rating charts for guidance.
		Modify exposure factors for circumstances such as voluntary and involuntary motion, plaster casts, pathological conditions, and/or the patient’s inability to cooperate.
		Restrict beam to limit exposure to the area of interest and to improve image quality.
		Set kVp, mA, and time or automated exposure system to achieve optimum image quality and safe operating conditions and to minimize radiation exposure.
Technique evaluation		Evaluate radiographs using a view box to make certain that radiographs contain proper identification and are of diagnostic quality.
		Determine corrective measure if the radiograph is not of diagnostic quality.
Participation in and/or Observation of Routine Projections f the Lower Extremities, Pelvic Girdle, Spine, and Bony Thorax				0		0	(210)
Lower extremities		Observe and/or participate in the positioning of patients undergoing routine radiographic procedures involving the lower extremities.
		Observe and/or participate in routine radiographic procedures involving the lower extremities.
		Observe and/or participate in the evaluation of lower extremity radiographs in terms of positioning accuracy, image quality, and anatomical structures visualized .
Pelvic girdle		Observe and/or participate in the positioning of patients undergoing routine radiographic procedures involving the pelvic girdle.
		Observe and/or participate in routine radiographic procedures involving the pelvic girdle.
		Observe and/or participate in the evaluation of pelvic girdle radiographs in terms of positioning accuracy, image quality, and anatomical structures visualized.
		Observe and/or participate in the evaluation of pelvic girdle radiographs in terms of positioning accuracy, image quality, and anatomical structures visualized.
Spine		Observe and/or participate in positioning of patients undergoing routine radiographic procedures involving the spine.
		Observe and/or participate in routine radiographic procedures involving the spine.
		Observe and/or participate in the evaluation of spinal radiographs in terms of positioning accuracy, image quality, and anatomical structures visualized.
Bony thorax		Observe and/or participate in the positioning of patients undergoing routine radiographic procedures involving the bony thorax.
		Observe and/or participate in routine radiographic procedures involving the bony thorax.
		Observe and/or participate in the evaluation of bony thorax radiographs in terms of positioning accuracy, image quality, and anatomical structures visualized.
PARTICIPATION IN AND/OR OBSERVATION OF PROCEDURES RELATED TO THE GASTROINTESTINAL (gi), gENITOURINARY (gu), AND BILIARY SYSTEMS				0		0	(210)
Gastrointestinal system		Observe and/or participate in patient preparation procedures for radiographic/fluoroscopic examinations of the gastrointestinal system.
		Observe and/or participate in the positioning of patients undergoing radiographic/fluoroscopic procedures involving the gastrointestinal system.
		Observe and/or participate in routine radiographic/fluoroscopic procedures involving the gastrointestinal system.
		Evaluate the quality of radiographs and photospots of the gastrointestinal system in terms of positioning accuracy, image quality, and anatomical structures revealed.
		Identify the special considerations for gastrointestinal procedures relating to the avoidance of repeated procedures.
		Observe and/or participate in the identification of and care for acute reactions to contrast media.
Genitourinary system		Observe and/or participate in patient preparation procedures for radiographic/fluoroscopic examinations of the genitourinary system.
		Observe and/or participate in the positioning of patients undergoing radiographic/fluoroscopic procedures involving the genitourinary system.
		Observe and/or participate in routine radiographic/fluoroscopic procedures involving the genitourinary system.
		Evaluate the quality of radiographs and photospots of the genitourinary system in terms of positioning accuracy, image quality, and anatomical structures revealed.
		Identify the special considerations for genitourinary procedures relating to the avoidance of repeated procedures.
		Observe and/or participate in the identification of and care for acute reactions to contrast media.
Biliary system		Observe and/or participate in patient preparation procedures for radiographic/fluoroscopic examinations of the biliary system.
		Observe and/or participate in the positioning of patients undergoing radiographic/fluoroscopic procedures involving the biliary system.
		Observe and/or participate in routine radiographic/fluoroscopic procedures involving the biliary system.
		Evaluate the quality of radiographs and photospots of the biliary system in terms of positioning accuracy, image quality, and anatomical structures revealed.
		Identify the special considerations for biliary system procedures relating to the avoidance of repeated procedures.
		Observe and/or participate in the identification of and care for acute reactions to contrast media.
Competency completion evaluation		Evaluate the number, types, and degree to which clinical competencies have been completed and mastered.
Competency completion planning		Develop a plan in conjunction with on-site clinical supervisors and technical college faculty to outline future completion and mastery of clinical competencies contained in this course.
Continuing education/independent study		Identify an area of concern or interest related to the content of this clinical experience, and research, review a publication, or otherwise explore this topic to personal satisfaction.

Suggested Resources

Adler, Arlene and Carlton, Richard. Introduction to Radiography and Patient Care. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.

Ballinger, P. W. (2003). Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positions and Radiographic Procedures (10^th ed). St. Louis: Mosby.

Bontrager, K. (2001). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy. (5^th ed). St. Louis: Mosby.

Ehrlich, R. A., et al. (1999). Patient Care in Radiography (5^th ed). St. Louis: Mosby.

Greathouse, Joanne. Delmar’s Radiographic Positioning and Procedures. Albany, NY: Delmar.

Torres, L .S. (2003). Basic Medical Techniques and Patient Care in Imaging Technology (6^th ed). Philadelphia: Lippincott.